ArticlePLoS pathogens2021
T cell derived HIV-1 is present in the CSF in the face of suppressive antiretroviral therapy.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV Reservoirs in Brain parenchyma and Cerebrospinal Fluid During Suppressive ART: Same-Same or Very Different?Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics reveals inflammatory activation in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage irrespective of HIV status.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Observational
- Targeting HIV myeloid and central nervous system reservoirs for HIV cure.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- The consequences of SARS-CoV-2 within-host persistence.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- HIV Cerebrospinal Fluid Escape: Interventions for the Management, Current Evidence and Future Perspectives.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- Postmortem Analysis of Dolutegravir, Tenofovir, Lamivudine, and Efavirenz Penetration in Multiple Central Nervous System Compartments.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Neurosymptomatic HIV-1 CSF escape is associated with replication in CNS T cells and inflammation.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Changes in cerebrospinal fluid proteins across the spectrum of untreated and treated chronic HIV-1 infection.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- HIV-1-infected T cell clones are shared across cerebrospinal fluid and blood during ART.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Deep analysis of CD4 T cells in the rhesus CNS during SIV infection.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Differences in drug resistance of HIV-1 genotypes in CSF and plasma and analysis of related factors.Virulence · 2023Article
- Neurological, Behavioral, and Pathophysiological Characterization of the Co-Occurrence of Substance Use and HIV: A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Biotypes of Central Nervous System Complications in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Virology, Immunology, and Neuropathology.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Lessons for Understanding Central Nervous System HIV Reservoirs from the Last Gift Program.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Review
- Elevation of cell-associated HIV-1 transcripts in CSF CD4+ T cells, despite effective antiretroviral therapy, is linked to brain injury.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Shock and kill within the CNS: A promising HIV eradication approach?Journal of leukocyte biology · 2022Review
- Neuropathogenesis of HIV-1: insights from across the spectrum of acute through long-term treated infection.Seminars in immunopathology · 2022Review
- Immunogenicity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection and Ad26.CoV2.S Vaccination in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Neuropathogenesis of HIV and emerging therapeutic targets.Expert opinion on therapeutic targets · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
HIV cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) escape, where HIV is suppressed in blood but detectable in CSF, occurs when HIV persists in the CNS despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). To determine the virus producing cell type and whether lowered CSF ART levels are responsible for CSF escape, we collected blood and CSF from 156 neurosymptomatic participants from Durban, South Africa. We observed that 28% of participants with an undetectable HIV blood viral load showed CSF escape. We detected host cell surface markers on the HIV envelope to determine the cellular source of HIV in participants on the first line regimen of efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir. We confirmed CD26 as a marker which could differentiate between T cells and macrophages and microglia, and quantified CD26 levels on the virion surface, comparing the result to virus from in vitro infected T cells or macrophages. The measured CD26 level was consistent with the presence of T cell produced virus. We found no significant differences in ART concentrations between CSF escape and fully suppressed individuals in CSF or blood, and did not observe a clear association with drug resistance mutations in CSF virus which would allow HIV to replicate. Hence, CSF HIV in the face of ART may at least partly originate in CD4+ T cell populations.
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Registered trials
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