ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2021
Dengue and Chikungunya virus co-infection in major metropolitan cities of provinces of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A multi-center study.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the burden and transmission dynamics of chikungunya virus infections in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of public health · 2025Pooled it
- Molecular Characterization of DENV-1 Isolates From Pakistan Reveals Immunogenic Variability and Antiviral Potential of Phytochemicals Targeting the CprM Region.Journal of tropical medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics and serotype association of dengue and dengue like illness in Pakistan.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Review
- A comprehensive review on the epidemiology of arboviruses in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO): insights from the WHO's Regional Office.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2025Article
- Beyond the Bite: Detailed findings on Chikungunya and Dengue co-detection in Punjab, North India - clinical insights and diagnostic challenges.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024Article
- Risk of infection with arboviruses in a healthy population in Pakistan based on seroprevalence.Virologica Sinica · 2024Article
- The impact of COVID-19 followed by extreme flooding on vector borne diseases in Pakistan: A mini narrative review.New microbes and new infections · 2023Review
- Dengue Virus Cases Surge Amidst COVID-19 in Pakistan: Challenges, Efforts and Recommendations.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Genetic Characterization of Chikungunya Virus Among Febrile Dengue Fever-Like Patients in Xishuangbanna, Southwestern Part of China.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
Dengue has become endemic in Pakistan with annual recurrence. A sudden increase in the dengue cases was reported from Rawalpindi in 2016, while an outbreak occurred for the first time in Peshawar in 2017. Therefore, a multi-center study was carried out to determine the circulating dengue virus (DENV) serotypes and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) co-infection in Lahore, Rawalpindi, and Peshawar cities in 2016-18. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Lahore and Rawalpindi in 2016-18, while a community-based study was carried out in Peshawar in 2017. The study participants were tested for dengue NS1 antigen using an immunochromatographic device while anti-dengue IgM/IgG antibodies were detected by indirect ELISA. All NS1 positive samples were used for DENV serotyping using multiplex real-time PCR assay. Additionally, dengue samples were tested for CHIKV co-infection using IgM/IgG ELISA. A total of 6291 samples were collected among which 8.11% were NS1 positive while 2.5% were PCR positive. DENV-2 was the most common serotype (75.5%) detected, followed by DENV-1 in 16.1%, DENV-3 in 3.9% and DENV-4 in 0.7% while DENV-1 and DENV-4 concurrent infections were detected in 3.9% samples. DENV-1 was the predominant serotype (62.5%) detected from Lahore and Rawalpindi, while DENV-2 was the only serotype detected from Peshawar. Comorbidities resulted in a significant increase (p-value<0.001) in the duration of hospital stay of the patients. Type 2 diabetes mellitus substantially (p-value = 0.004) contributed to the severity of the disease. Among a total of 590 dengue positive samples, 11.8% were also positive for CHIKV co-infection. Co-circulation of multiple DENV serotypes and CHIKV infection in Pakistan is a worrisome situation demanding the urgent attention of the public health experts to strengthen vector surveillance.
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