ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2021
Defining variant-resistant epitopes targeted by SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: A global consortium study.
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In one paragraph
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 232 papers.
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232citing papers in PubMed
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Who cites it
232 citing papers in PubMed.
- SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Followed by Vaccination Shifts Human Memory B-Cell Epitope Recognition, Suggesting Antibody Feedback.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Safety, immunogenicity and antibody persistence of a bivalent Beta-containing booster vaccine against COVID-19: a phase 2/3 trial.Nature medicine · 2022Trial
- Design of Epitope-Focused Vaccines via Epitope Cleavage.ACS central science · 2026Article
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- A Spike-Linked HPV16 E7 DNA Vaccine Induces Potent Antitumor and Anti-Spike Immune Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Booster mRNA Vaccination Prevents Breakthrough Severe COVID-19 Infections.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Discordant Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Exposure in Household Contacts.Clinical immunology communications · 2026Article
- Monoclonal antibodies from COVID-19 convalescent patients target cryptic epitopes for broad SARS-CoV-2 neutralization.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 antibody-dependent enhancement of infection depends on antibody binding to both ACE2 and Fc receptors.JCI insight · 2026Article
- IgG-Bridging-Seeded Synergistic Aggregation of SARS-CoV-2 Spikes Underlies Potent Neutralization by a Low-Affinity Antibody.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
- Clonal interference and changing selective pressures shape the escape of SARS-CoV-2 from hundreds of antibodies.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- Rational Design of Multiclade Coronavirus Spike Immunodominant Domain Nanoparticles to Elicit Broad Antibody Responses.Research square · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Article
- Orphan broadly RBD-binding antibodies annotate three remaining conserved RBD epitopes along SARS-CoV-2 evolution.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Rational Design of Multiclade Coronavirus Spike Immunodominant Domain Nanoparticles to Elicit Broad Antibody Responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Broadly Sarbecovirus-Neutralizing Antibodies Induced by Ancestral SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Viruses · 2025Article
- Article
172 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
74 authors.
Kathryn M Hastie *Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3406-1210
Haoyang Li *Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3024-1350
Daniel BedingerCarterra, 825 N. 300 W. Ste C309, Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5009-9369
Sharon L SchendelCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5062-7261
S Moses DennisonCenter for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1198-9179
Kan LiCenter for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
Vamseedhar RayaproluCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2823-2984
Xiaoying YuCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6778-5004
Colin MannCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0949-2075
Michelle ZandonattiCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6898-5235
Ruben Diaz AvalosCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Dawid ZylaCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8471-469X
Tierra BuckCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4792-1312
Sean HuiCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Kelly ShafferCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Chitra HariharanCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8686-7574
Jieyun YinCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8841-431X
Eduardo OlmedillasCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Adrian EnriquezCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8225-6688
Diptiben ParekhCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1972-9462
Milite AbrahaCenter for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7668-4320
Elizabeth FeeneyCenter for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4513-8658
Gillian Q HornCenter for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4571-1933
CoVIC-DB team1
Yoann AldonDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-9831-9391
Hanif AliQuadrucept Bio, Ltd., Cambridge CB23 6DW, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5304-1960
Sanja AracicMyrio Therapeutics Pty, Ltd., 1 Dalmore Drive, Scoresby, VIC 3179, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-2223-0432
Ronald R CobbNational Resilience, Inc., 13200 NW Nano Ct., Alachua, FL 32615, USA.
Ross S FedermanGenerate Biomedicines, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Joseph M FernandezActivemotif, Inc., 1914 Palomar Oaks Way, Suite 150, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1499-9156
Jacob GlanvilleCentivax, Inc., 201 Gateway Blvd., Floor 1, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
Robin GreenGenerate Biomedicines, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7411-0593
Gevorg GrigoryanGenerate Biomedicines, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4645-7666
Ana G Lujan HernandezTwist Bioscience, 681 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2577-7786
David D HoAaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 701 West 168th St., HHSC 1102, New York, NY 10032, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1627-149X
Kuan-Ying A HuangDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0001-6891-6945
John IngrahamGenerate Biomedicines, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3925-8714
Weidong JiangShanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., 9/F, Innov Tower, Zone A, no. 1801 Hongmei Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0000-0003-1002-6020
Paul KellamKymab, Ltd., The Bennet Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3166-4734
Cheolmin KimCelltrion, Inc., Department of Research and Development, 23 Academy-ro Yeonsu-gu Incheon, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0001-7810-5601
Minsoo KimCelltrion, Inc., Department of Research and Development, 23 Academy-ro Yeonsu-gu Incheon, Republic of Korea.
Hyeong Mi KimCelltrion, Inc., Department of Research and Development, 23 Academy-ro Yeonsu-gu Incheon, Republic of Korea.
Chao KongSanyou Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., no. 188 Xinjunhuan Road, Building 6B-C, 3rd Floor, Minhang District, Shanghai 201114, China.
Shelly J KrebsEmerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1136-1760
Fei LanActivemotif, Inc., 1914 Palomar Oaks Way, Suite 150, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA.
Guojun LangSanyou Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., no. 188 Xinjunhuan Road, Building 6B-C, 3rd Floor, Minhang District, Shanghai 201114, China.
Sooyoung LeeCelltrion, Inc., Department of Research and Development, 23 Academy-ro Yeonsu-gu Incheon, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-3306-9333
Cheuk Lun LeungGenerate Biomedicines, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Junli LiuShanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., 9/F, Innov Tower, Zone A, no. 1801 Hongmei Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2617-7897
Yanan LuActivemotif, Inc., 1914 Palomar Oaks Way, Suite 150, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA.
Anna MacCamyFred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5552-9209
Andrew T McGuireFred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1841-6859
Anne L PalserKymab, Ltd., The Bennet Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9476-8808
Terence H RabbittsQuadrucept Bio, Ltd., Cambridge CB23 6DW, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4982-2609
Zahra Rikhtegaran TehraniDivision of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1127-1290
Mohammad M SajadiDivision of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7798-3605
Rogier W SandersDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-2324-8573
Aaron K SatoTwist Bioscience, 681 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
Liang SchweizerHiFiBiO, Inc., 237 Putnam Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0903-4077
Jimin SeoCelltrion, Inc., Department of Research and Development, 23 Academy-ro Yeonsu-gu Incheon, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0003-2687-7495
Bingqing ShenHiFiBiO, Inc., 237 Putnam Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4207-4898
Jonne L SnitselaarDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Leonidas StamatatosFred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1106-7097
Yongcong TanSanyou Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., no. 188 Xinjunhuan Road, Building 6B-C, 3rd Floor, Minhang District, Shanghai 201114, China.
Milan T TomicNational Resilience, Inc., 2061 Challenger Dr., Alameda, CA 94501, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0099-4685
Marit J van GilsDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-3422-8161
Sawsan YoussefCentivax, Inc., 201 Gateway Blvd., Floor 1, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
Jian YuAaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 701 West 168th St., HHSC 1102, New York, NY 10032, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8604-4538
Tom Z YuanTwist Bioscience, 681 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4585-8943
Qian ZhangHiFiBiO, Inc., 237 Putnam Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4932-9179
Bjoern PetersCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8457-6693
Georgia D TomarasCenter for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8076-1931
Timothy GermannCarterra, 825 N. 300 W. Ste C309, Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8128-361X
Erica Ollmann SaphireCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Funding
Specific and Broadly Active Monoclonal Antibody Therapeutics Against The FilovirusesU19AI142790 · NIAID · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · PI DIAMOND, MICHAEL S · 2019 to 2023
$40.0MTraining in Immunological MechanismsT32AI125179 · NIAID · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · PI CROFT, MICHAEL · 2016 to 2025
$3.1MEngineering of pan-neutralizing anti-HIV envelope antibodiesR01AI147870 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI SAJADI, MOHAMMAD MOHSENI · 2020 to 2024
$2.5MNIAID NIH HHS R01 AI147870NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI125179NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI142790
Abstract
Antibody-based therapeutics and vaccines are essential to combat COVID-19 morbidity and mortality after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Multiple mutations in SARS-CoV-2 that could impair antibody defenses propagated in human-to-human transmission and spillover or spillback events between humans and animals. To develop prevention and therapeutic strategies, we formed an international consortium to map the epitope landscape on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, defining and structurally illustrating seven receptor binding domain (RBD)–directed antibody communities with distinct footprints and competition profiles. Pseudovirion-based neutralization assays reveal spike mutations, individually and clustered together in variants, that affect antibody function among the communities. Key classes of RBD-targeted antibodies maintain neutralization activity against these emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. These results provide a framework for selecting antibody treatment cocktails and understanding how viral variants might affect antibody therapeutic efficacy.
Indexed as
Epitope MappingAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralAntigens, ViralCOVID-19HumansImmunodominant EpitopesProtein BindingProtein DomainsSARS-CoV-2Spike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralAntigens, ViralImmunodominant EpitopesSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2
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