Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34554425›Full record

ArticleSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2022

Sleep Quality in Elite Athletes: Normative Values, Reliability and Understanding Contributors to Poor Sleep.

Shona L Halson, Rich D Johnston, Renee N Appaneal, Margot A Rogers, Liam A Toohey, Michael K Drew, Charli Sargent, Gregory D Roach

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In one paragraph

Article in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
3.5field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Shona L HalsonSchool of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, McAuley at Banyo, Brisbane, Australia. shona.halson@acu.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1047-3878
Rich D JohnstonSchool of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, McAuley at Banyo, Brisbane, Australia.
Renee N AppanealAustralian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australia.
Margot A RogersAustralian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australia.
Liam A TooheyAustralian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australia.
Michael K DrewAustralian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australia.
Charli SargentAppleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Wayville, Australia.
Gregory D RoachAppleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Wayville, Australia.
Australian Sports Commission · AUCentral Queensland University · AUAustralian Catholic University · AULeeds Beckett University · GB

Funding

Centre of Excellence and Applied Sport Science Research, Queensland Academy of Sport CoE056Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University Internal Grant
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe aims of this retrospective study were to (i) provide a description of sleep quality in elite athletes as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), (ii) provide normative PSQI data, (iii) identify differences across sex and sport, (iv) identify components that contribute to high PSQI scores and (v) assess PSQI test-retest reliability.

methodsThe PSQI was completed by 479 athletes (371 female and 108 male) across 20 Olympic team and individual sports. For ordinal and categorical variables, the Wilcoxon rank sum test and Chi Squared tests were used, respectively. A random forest regression was built to determine the importance of each PSQI component. Test-retest reliability was assessed using two-way mixed effects intraclass correlation coefficients.

resultsFifty-two percent of athletes had a global PSQI score ≥ 5. Team sport athletes reported significantly longer sleep onset latency times but longer sleep durations compared with individual sport athletes. Sleep onset latency and sleep quality made the greatest contribution to the global PSQI scores. The PSQI demonstrated variability over periods of 2 months or more, with a minimal detectable change of 3 arbitrary units (AU).

conclusionLong sleep onset latency and poor perceived sleep quality made the greatest contribution to the high PSQI scores observed in approximately half of elite athletes investigated. The PSQI should be administered at regular intervals due to variability within individuals over periods of 2 months or more. Individual questionnaire items or component scores of the PSQI may be useful for practitioners in guiding decision-making regarding sleep interventions in athletes.

Indexed as

AthletesSleep QualityFemaleHumansMaleReproducibility of ResultsRetrospective StudiesSleepSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID34554425
OpenAlexW3201206813

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.