ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2021
Demographic Disparities in Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19: Data From a Statewide Cohort in South Carolina.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- The relationship between psychological stress and SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid-antibody response following natural infection: longitudinal findings from the Aegis study.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Emphasizing Science: Black Pastors Encourage Awareness of Medical Information about COVID-19 Vaccine.Global journal of health science · 2026Article
- Association Between Ethnicity and Mortality Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19: A Mayo Clinic VIRUS Registry Cohort Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Associations of pregnancy timing relative to the COVID-19 pandemic, maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection, and adverse perinatal outcomes.Annals of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Outcomes Among Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 Treated with Remdesivir in an Urban Center Pre-COVID-19 Vaccination.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Black Pastors as Change Agents Promoting COVID-19 Vaccination in South Carolina: Application of Diffusion of Innovations Theory.American journal of public health research · 2025Article
- Rural-urban Differences in Long-term Mortality and Readmission Following COVID-19 Hospitalization, 2020 to 2023.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Utilization for the Treatment of Non-hospitalized Adults with COVID-19 in the National Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
- Waning effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against inpatient and emergency department encounters.PloS one · 2024Article
- Severe maternal morbidity by race and ethnicity before vs. during the COVID-19 pandemic.Annals of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Rural-Urban Disparities in Hospital Admissions and Mortality Among Patients with COVID-19: Evidence from South Carolina from 2021 to 2022.Journal of community health · 2023Article
- Community engaged research to measure the impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable community member's well-being and health : A mixed methods approach.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2023Article
- Article
- The Role of Black Pastors in Disseminating COVID-19 Vaccination Information to Black Communities in South Carolina.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- How Different Pre-existing Mental Disorders and Their Co-occurrence Affects COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes? A Real-World Data Study in the Southern United States.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCurrent literature examining the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients under-represent COVID-19 cases who were either asymptomatic or had mild symptoms.
methodsWe analyzed statewide data from 280 177 COVID-19 cases from various health care facilities during March 4-December 31, 2020. Each COVID-19 case was reported using the standardized Case Report Form (CRF), which collected information on demographic characteristics, symptoms, hospitalization, and death. We used multivariable logistic regression to analyze the associations between sociodemographics and disease severity, hospitalization, and mortality.
resultsAmong a total of 280 177 COVID-19 cases, 5.2% (14 451) were hospitalized and 1.9% (5308) died. Older adults, males, and Black individuals had higher odds of hospitalization and death from COVID-19 (all
conclusionsAs the first statewide population-based study using data from multiple health care systems with a long follow-up period in the United States, we provide a more generalizable picture of COVID-19 symptoms and clinical outcomes. The findings from this study reinforce the fact that rural residence and racial/ethnic social determinants of health, unfortunately, remain predictors of adverse health outcomes for COVID-19 patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.