ArticleFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2021
Autophagy Drives Galectin-1 Secretion From Tumor-Associated Macrophages Facilitating Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression.
Article in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Glycocode to Precision Oncology: Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Aberrant O-GalNAc Glycosylation in Cancer.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- Galectins at the crossroads of tumor immunity, metabolism, and metastasis: mechanisms, therapeutic resistance, and translational opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Monocyte-Macrophage Lineages in Cancer: Biology, Plasticity, and Therapeutic Targeting.Cancer biome and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- VAMP proteins: molecular architects in disease pathogenesis and therapeutic innovation.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Article
- The Immunomodulatory Role of Galectin-1 in the Tumour Microenvironment and Strategies for Therapeutic Applications.Cancers · 2025Review
- The sweet and the bitter sides of galectin-1 in immunity: its role in immune cell functions, apoptosis, and immunotherapies for cancer with a focus on T cells.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
- Next-Generation Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanisms of Resistance and Novel Treatment Approaches.Cancers · 2025Review
- Small HSPs at the crossroad between protein aggregation, autophagy and unconventional secretion: clinical implications and potential therapeutic opportunities in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- The role of galectins in the regulation of autophagy and inflammasome in host immunity.Seminars in immunopathology · 2024Review
- Galectins in epithelial-mesenchymal transition: roles and mechanisms contributing to tissue repair, fibrosis and cancer metastasis.Biological research · 2024Review
- Galectin-3 does not interact with RNA directly.Glycobiology · 2024Article
- The role of tumor-associated macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma progression: A narrative review.Cancer medicine · 2023Review
- Targeting the Heterogeneous Tumour-Associated Macrophages in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancers · 2023Review
- Review
- Macrophages and platelets in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Crosstalk between cGAS-STING pathway and autophagy in cancer immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Article
- [Galectin-1 knockdown inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion and promotes apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cellsNan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2022Article
- Recent advances in conventional and unconventional vesicular secretion pathways in the tumor microenvironment.Journal of biomedical science · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a secretory lectin with pro-tumor activities and is associated strongly with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Although Gal-1 is a well-known soluble pro-tumor factor in the tumor microenvironment (TME), the secretion mode of Gal-1 is not clearly defined. On the other hand, in addition to cancer cells, Gal-1 is widely expressed in tumor stromal cells, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs are a significant component of stromal cells in TME; however, their contributions in producing Gal-1 to TME are still not explored. Here we reveal that TAMs can actively secrete Gal-1 in response to stimuli of HCC cells. Gal-1 produced by TAMs leads to an increase of the systemic level of Gal-1 and HCC tumor growth in mice. Mechanistically, TLR2-dependent secretory autophagy is found to be responsible for Gal-1 secretion from TAMs. Gal-1 acts as a cargo of autophagosomes to fuse with multivesicular bodies via Rab11 and VAMP7-mediated vesicle trafficking before being secreted. This autophagy-regulated Gal-1 secretion in TAMs correlates to poor overall survival and progression-free survival rates of HCC patients. Our findings uncover the secretion mode of Gal-1 via secretory autophagy and highlight the pathological role of TAM-produced Gal-1 in HCC progression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.