ReviewArab journal of urology2021
Medical management of non-obstructive azoospermia: A systematic review.
Review in Arab journal of urology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Areas of Controversy and Confusion in Male Infertility: A Call for Clarity.The world journal of men's health · 2026Article
- Micro-TESE in Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: Phenotype-Guided Hormonal Optimization and Testosterone Response-Prognostic Biomarker or Therapeutic Target?Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Novel Diagnostic Algorithm for Azoospermia: The Role of 17-Hydroxyprogesterone and Round Spermatids in Normogonadotropic Azoospermia.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Predictive factors of c-TESE success in eastern algerian patients with non-obstructive azoospermia: role of histology, hormones, and testicular volume.Basic and clinical andrology · 2026Article
- 5-ALA/FeFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Association of higher serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels with successful microdissection testicular sperm extraction outcomes in nonobstructive azoospermic men with reduced testicular volumes.Asian journal of andrology · 2025Article
- Medical treatment prior to micro-TESE.Asian journal of andrology · 2025Review
- Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism as a cause of NOA and its treatment.Asian journal of andrology · 2025Review
- Future prospects for the advancement of treatment of men with NOA: focus on gene editing, artificial sperm, stem cells, and use of imaging.Asian journal of andrology · 2025Review
- A comparison of the expression patterns and diagnostic capability of the ncRNAs NEAT1 and miR-34a in non-obstructive azoospermia and severe oligospermia.Human genomics · 2025Article
- Prediction of testicular histology in azoospermia patients through deep learning-enabled two-dimensional grayscale ultrasound.Asian journal of andrology · 2025Article
- A 43-year-old man with hematometra: case report and literature review.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2025Review
- Essential Regulation of Spermatogonial Stem Cell Fate Decisions and Male Fertility by APBB1 via Interaction with KAT5 and GDF15 in Humans and Mice.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Pregnancy outcomes in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia undergoing micro-TESE: comparison of fresh vs. frozen-thawed testicular sperm.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Clinical management, differential diagnosis, follow-up and biomarkers of infertile men with nonobstructive azoospermia.Translational andrology and urology · 2024Article
- Article
- Efficacy of Clomiphene Citrate Versus Enclomiphene Citrate for Male Infertility Treatment: A Retrospective Study.Cureus · 2023Article
- Cell-Based Therapy Approaches in Treatment of Non-obstructive Azoospermia.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
While most men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) are not amenable to medical treatment, some men can be treated effectively with hormonal therapy, prior to considering surgery. In some cases, hormonal therapy alone can treat NOA, without the need for surgery. In other cases, correction of a potential hormonal imbalance can enhance the chances of success of surgical sperm retrieval (SSR), with either conventional or microdissection testicular sperm extraction. Abnormal testicular function and low androgen levels can result from a primary dysfunction, a medical or surgical condition, or from an exogenous factor, and should be managed prior to more invasive interventions. Even men with normal androgen levels may benefit from hormonal therapy before sperm retrieval. Moreover, SSR may cause testicular injury and aggravate the pre-existing situation. If surgical extraction of sperm fails, it leaves the patients with less satisfactory options, like donor sperm or adoption. Therefore, it is the role of the infertility specialist to be vigilant and identify reversible causes of NOA, such as hormonal imbalance, prior to considering surgery. In the present paper we will systematically review the literature and highlight the available conventional medical regimens, as well as experimental ones.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.