Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34552345›Full record

ArticleJournal of inflammation research2021

PLAUR as a Potential Biomarker Associated with Immune Infiltration in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma.

Mulin Liu, Siyi Chen, Aihui Zhang, Qin Zheng, Juan Fu

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of inflammation research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Mulin LiuDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116011, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0003-3358-608X
Siyi ChenDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116044, People's Republic of China.
Aihui ZhangDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116044, People's Republic of China.
Qin ZhengDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116044, People's Republic of China.
Juan FuDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116011, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0001-9066-561X
Dalian Medical University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) is one of the most lethal and aggressive malignancies of genitourinary system that affects human health. The urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (PLAUR) plays essential roles in tumorigenesis and immune modulation, and its aberrant expression is closely correlated with cancer progression. However, whether PLAUR has the potential to be one promising biomarker or immunotherapy target for BLCA is unknown. METHODOLOGY: Various online databases were applied to assess the expression profile and prognostic value of PLAUR, as well as its correlation with immune infiltration in BLCA, including Oncomine, PrognoScan, TCGA, cBioPortal, TIMER, TISIDB, UALCAN, and MethSurv. The expression of PLAUR in BLCA was confirmed with ELISA assay for serum samples and immunohistochemistry for tissue samples.

resultsThe results showed that the expression of PLAUR was elevated in BLCA, which was further confirmed by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Patients with higher PLAUR level were predicted to have lower overall survival and disease specific survival rates, which were not impacted by the genetic alterations of PLAUR. In addition, the expression of PLAUR was positively associated with immune infiltration, and also the expression levels of gene markers of various immune cells. The negative correlation between PLAUR expression and PLAUR methylation level was observed, among which PLAUR expression was positively correlated with the abundance of 28 kinds of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, while PLAUR methylation level was negatively correlated with the abundance of 11 types of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Moreover, the methylation level of PLAUR was closely correlated with patients' clinicopathological features, and hypomethylation of PLAUR was associated with better outcomes of BLCA patients.

conclusionThese findings suggested that PLAUR had the potential to serve as a valuable detection and prognostic biomarker or immunotherapeutic target for BLCA.

Indexed as

biomarkerbladder urothelial carcinomaDNA methylationimmune infiltrationPLAURprognosis

Identifiers

PMID34552345
PMCPMC8450190
OpenAlexW3199172925

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.