ArticleBMJ open2021
Child maltreatment, early life socioeconomic disadvantage and all-cause mortality in mid-adulthood: findings from a prospective British birth cohort.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of adverse childhood experiences on analgesia-related outcomes: a systematic review.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of adverse childhood experiences on multimorbidity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mortality at Old Age: A Longitudinal Study from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study.Journal of child & adolescent trauma · 2026Article
- Article
- Childhood sexual abuse and pervasive problems across multiple life domains: Findings from a five-decade study.Development and psychopathology · 2024Article
- Association between childhood adversities and premature and potentially avoidable mortality in adulthood: a population-based study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Association of adverse childhood experiences with lipid profiles and atherogenic risk indices in a middle-to-older aged population.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Association of early life physical and sexual abuse with premature mortality among female nurses: prospective cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Article
- Adult retrospective report of child abuse and prospective indicators of childhood harm: a population birth cohort study.BMC medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesEarly-life adversities (ELAs) such as child maltreatment (neglect and abuse) and socioeconomic disadvantage have been associated with adult mortality. However, evidence is sparse for specific types of ELA. We aimed to establish whether specific ELAs (ie, different types of child maltreatment and socioeconomic disadvantage) were associated independently with all-cause mortality in mid-adulthood and to examine potential intermediary pathways.
designProspective cohort study.
setting1958 British birth cohort: a longitudinal, population-based sample of individuals born in Great Britain during a single week in March 1958.
participants9310 males and females with data on child maltreatment and mortality (44/45-58 years). OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality follow-up from 2002/2003 to 2016 when participants were aged 44/45-58 years. Death was ascertained via the NHS Central Register (N=296) or cohort maintenance activities (N=16).
resultsPrevalence of ELAs ranged from 1.6% (sexual abuse) to 11% (psychological abuse). Several, but not all, ELAs were associated with increased risk of premature death, independent of covariates and other adversities; adjusted HRs were 2.64 (95% CI 1.52 to 4.59) for sexual abuse, 1.93 (95% CI 1.45 to 2.58) for socioeconomic disadvantage, 1.73 (95% CI 1.11 to 2.71) for physical abuse and 1.43 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.98) for neglect. After adjustment for covariates and other adversities, no associations with mortality were observed for psychological and witnessing abuse. Regarding potential intermediaries (including adult socioeconomic factors, behaviours, adiposity, mental health and cardiometabolic markers), most associations attenuated after accounting for adult health behaviours (particularly smoking). In addition, early-life socioeconomic disadvantage and neglect associations attenuated after accounting for adult socioeconomic factors. The association for sexual abuse and premature mortality was largely unaffected by potential intermediaries.
conclusionsAssociations with premature mortality varied by type of ELA: associations for sexual and physical abuse, neglect and socioeconomic disadvantage were independent of each other. Different types of ELAs could influence premature mortality via different pathways; this requires further research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.