Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34551608›Full record

ArticleJournal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism2022

A review of bioeffects induced by focused ultrasound combined with microbubbles on the neurovascular unit.

Si Chen, Arash Nazeri, Hongchae Baek, Dezhuang Ye, Yaoheng Yang, Jinyun Yuan, Joshua B Rubin, Hong Chen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Sonoselective Transfection of Glioma Endothelium.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Focused ultrasound expands intra-CSF AAV delivery to deep brain regions in rats and non-human primates.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Enzymatic microbubble robots.Nature nanotechnology · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Precise antibody delivery to the brain via nanobubble-actuated focused ultrasound alleviates depression.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Si ChenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Arash NazeriMallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Hongchae BaekImaging Institute and Neurological Institute, 2569Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Dezhuang YeDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Yaoheng YangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Jinyun YuanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Joshua B RubinDepartment of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Hong ChenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.

Funding

Image-guided focused ultrasound-mediated intranasal brain drug delivery technique (FUSIN)R01EB027223 · NIBIB · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Hong Chen · 2019 to 2026
$4.3M
Focused ultrasound-enabled brain tumor liquid biopsy (FUS-LBx) supplementR01EB030102 · NIBIB · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Hong Chen · 2020 to 2026
$4.3M
FOCUS: FUNCTIONAL OPTICAL IMAGING FEEDBACK-CONTROLLED CELLULAR-LEVEL ULTRASOUND STIMULATIONR01MH116981 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI CHEN, HONG · 2018 to 2021
$2.8M
NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB027223NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB030102NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH116981
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Focused ultrasound combined with circulating microbubbles (FUS+MB) can transiently enhance blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability at targeted brain locations. Its great promise in improving drug delivery to the brain is reflected by a rapidly growing number of clinical trials using FUS+MB to treat various brain diseases. As the clinical applications of FUS+MB continue to expand, it is critical to have a better understanding of the molecular and cellular effects induced by FUS+MB to enhance the efficacy of current treatment and enable the discovery of new therapeutic strategies. Existing studies primarily focus on FUS+MB-induced effects on brain endothelial cells, the major cellular component of BBB. However, bioeffects induced by FUS+MB expand beyond the BBB to cells surrounding blood vessels, including astrocytes, microglia, and neurons. Together these cell types comprise the neurovascular unit (NVU). In this review, we examine cell-type-specific bioeffects of FUS+MB on different NVU components, including enhanced permeability in endothelial cells, activation of astrocytes and microglia, as well as increased intraneuron protein metabolism and neuronal activity. Finally, we discuss knowledge gaps that must be addressed to further advance clinical applications of FUS+MB.

Indexed as

Drug Delivery SystemsBlood-Brain BarrierEndothelial CellsHumansMicrobubblesblood-brain barriercellular effectsFocused ultrasoundmolecular effectsneurovascular unit

Identifiers

PMID34551608
PMCPMC8721781

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.