ArticleNucleic acids research2021
Divergent degeneration of creA antitoxin genes from minimal CRISPRs and the convergent strategy of tRNA-sequestering CreT toxins.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dual regulation of HEPN RNase in fused MNT-HEPN toxin-antitoxin systems via protein OligoAMPylation and oligomerization.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Associate toxin-antitoxin with CRISPR-Cas to harness (ATTACH) engineered microbes.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Review
- Bacterial programmed cell death and toxin-antitoxin system in bacteria.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Inducible transposon mutagenesis identifies bacterial fitness determinants during infection in mice.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- CRISPR-repressed toxin-antitoxin provides herd immunity against anti-CRISPR elements.Nature chemical biology · 2025Article
- TADB 3.0: an updated database of bacterial toxin-antitoxin loci and associated mobile genetic elements.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Widespread CRISPR-derived RNA regulatory elements in CRISPR-Cas systems.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Associate toxin-antitoxin with CRISPR-Cas to kill multidrug-resistant pathogens.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Widespread CRISPR repeat-like RNA regulatory elements in CRISPR-Cas systems.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Pan-Genome Analysis of Delftia tsuruhatensis Reveals Important Traits Concerning the Genetic Diversity, Pathogenicity, and Biotechnological Properties of the Species.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Aside from providing adaptive immunity, type I CRISPR-Cas was recently unearthed to employ a noncanonical RNA guide (CreA) to transcriptionally repress an RNA toxin (CreT). Here, we report that, for most archaeal and bacterial CreTA modules, the creA gene actually carries two flanking 'CRISPR repeats', which are, however, highly divergent and degenerated. By deep sequencing, we show that the two repeats give rise to an 8-nt 5' handle and a 22-nt 3' handle, respectively, i.e., the conserved elements of a canonical CRISPR RNA, indicating they both retained critical nucleotides for Cas6 processing during divergent degeneration. We also uncovered a minimal CreT toxin that sequesters the rare transfer RNA for isoleucine, tRNAIleCAU, with a six-codon open reading frame containing two consecutive AUA codons. To fully relieve its toxicity, both tRNAIleCAU overexpression and supply of extra agmatine (modifies the wobble base of tRNAIleCAU to decipher AUA codons) are required. By replacing AUA to AGA/AGG codons, we reprogrammed this toxin to sequester rare arginine tRNAs. These data provide essential information on CreTA origin and for future CreTA prediction, and enrich the knowledge of tRNA-sequestering small RNAs that are employed by CRISPR-Cas to get addictive to the host.
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