ArticlePloS one2021
Effect of stimulus orientation and intensity on short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and facilitation (SICF): A multi-channel transcranial magnetic stimulation study.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- The effects of TMS stimulus direction on corticospinal and cortico-cortical excitability of the lower limb in healthy adults.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- The applications of TMS in brain function assessment and treatment of mental disorders: a narrative review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Design, construction, and deployment of a multi-locus transcranial magnetic stimulation system for clinical use.Biomedical engineering online · 2025Article
- Multi-coil TMS for preclinical applications in ultra-high-field MRI.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Variability of cortico-cortical evoked potentials in the epileptogenic zone is related to seizure occurrence.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Article
- Effects of dry needling on spasticity, cortical excitability, and range of motion in a patient with multiple sclerosis: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2024Article
- Effects of low-frequency rTMS combined with speech and language therapy on Broca's aphasia in subacute stroke patients.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- TMS-Induced Modulation of EEG Functional Connectivity Is Affected by the E-Field Orientation.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Current evidence, clinical applications, and future directions of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment for ischemic stroke.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation in the assessment of biceps voluntary activation in individuals with tetraplegia.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- Mapping of multiple muscles with transcranial magnetic stimulation: absolute and relative test-retest reliability.Human brain mapping · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
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Abstract
Besides stimulus intensities and interstimulus intervals (ISI), the electric field (E-field) orientation is known to affect both short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and facilitation (SICF) in paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). However, it has yet to be established how distinct orientations of the conditioning (CS) and test stimuli (TS) affect the SICI and SICF generation. With the use of a multi-channel TMS transducer that provides electronic control of the stimulus orientation and intensity, we aimed to investigate how changes in the CS and TS orientation affect the strength of SICI and SICF. We hypothesized that the CS orientation would play a major role for SICF than for SICI, whereas the CS intensity would be more critical for SICI than for SICF. In eight healthy subjects, we tested two ISIs (1.5 and 2.7 ms), two CS and TS orientations (anteromedial (AM) and posteromedial (PM)), and four CS intensities (50, 70, 90, and 110% of the resting motor threshold (RMT)). The TS intensity was fixed at 110% RMT. The intensities were adjusted to the corresponding RMT in the AM and PM orientations. SICI and SICF were observed in all tested CS and TS orientations. SICI depended on the CS intensity in a U-shaped manner in any combination of the CS and TS orientations. With 70% and 90% RMT CS intensities, stronger PM-oriented CS induced stronger inhibition than weaker AM-oriented CS. Similar SICF was observed for any CS orientation. Neither SICI nor SICF depended on the TS orientation. We demonstrated that SICI and SICF could be elicited by the CS perpendicular to the TS, which indicates that these stimuli affected either overlapping or strongly connected neuronal populations. We concluded that SICI is primarily sensitive to the CS intensity and that CS intensity adjustment resulted in similar SICF for different CS orientations.
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