ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2021
Fat mass and fat-free mass track from infancy to childhood: New insights in body composition programming in early life.
Article in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infant fat mass and later child and adolescent health outcomes: a systematic review.Archives of disease in childhood · 2024Pooled it
- Infant body composition in a randomised trial of a maternal nutritional supplement during preconception and pregnancy.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2025Trial
- Beyond Deterministic Fetal Programming: Intrauterine Exposures and the Multifactorial Origins of Adiposity.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- Maternal Physical Activity and Its Relationship to the Human Milk Metabolome and Infant Body Composition.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Ultrasound for assessing paediatric body composition and nutritional status: Scoping review and future directions.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Article
- Prediction of fat-free mass in young children using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- Body composition and associated factors among 5-7-year-old children with moderate acute malnutrition in Jimma town in southwest Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Cannulation via the external jugular vein--An alternative to conventional peripherally inserted central catheterisation for paediatric patients.BMC pediatrics · 2023Observational
- Infant body composition: A comprehensive overview of assessment techniques, nutrition factors, and health outcomes.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2023Review
- Development and validation of anthropometric-based fat-mass prediction equations using air displacement plethysmography in Mexican infants.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- A pilot study to disentangle the infant gut microbiota composition and identification of bacteria correlates with high fat mass.Microbiome research reports · 2023Article
- Birthweight z-score and fat-free mass at birth predict body composition at 3 years in Danish children born from obese mothers.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2022Observational
- Early Life Factors Associated with Lean Body Mass in Spanish Children: CALINA Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Fat mass and fat-free mass track from infancy to childhood: New insights in body composition programming in early life.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveEarly life is a critical window for adiposity programming. This study investigated whether fat mass percentage (FM%), fat mass index (FMI), abdominal fat, and fat-free mass (FFM) in early life track into childhood and whether there are sex differences and differences between infant feeding types.
methodsDetailed body composition was longitudinally measured by air-displacement plethysmography, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and abdominal ultrasound in 224 healthy, term-born children. Measurements were divided into tertiles. Odds ratios (OR) of remaining in the highest tertile of FM%, FMI, abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat, and FFM index (FFMI) were calculated from early life to age 4 years.
resultsHigh FM% and FMI tracked from age 3 and 6 months to age 4 years (OR = 4.34 [p = 0.002] and OR = 6.54 [p < 0.001]). High subcutaneous abdominal fat tracked from age 6 months to age 4 years (OR = 2.30 [p = 0.012]). High FFMI tracked from age 1, 3, and 6 months to age 4 years (OR = 4.16 [p = 0.005], 3.71 [p = 0.004], and 3.36 [p = 0.019]). In non-exclusively breastfed infants, high FM% tracked from early life to age 4 years, whereas this was not the case for exclusively breastfed infants. There was no tracking in visceral fat or sex differences.
conclusionsInfants with high FM%, FMI, subcutaneous abdominal fat, and FFMI in early life are likely to remain in the highest tertile at age 4 years. Exclusive breastfeeding for 3 months is potentially protective against having high FM% at age 4 years.
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