ReviewCureus2021
Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Origin: A Mysterious Epidemic.
Review in Cureus, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Placental Methylation Profile in Women Exposed to Fluoride and Its Association with Kidney Volume at Birth.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Article
- Deciphering Environmental Health Factors Behind Unknown Etiology of Chronic Kidney Disease in South Asia: Plans for Epidemiologic Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Experiences of heat stress and adapting practices among farmworkers in northwest Nicaragua: a qualitative study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Environmental Pollution and Its Impact on Kidney Diseases: A Comprehensive Review of Current Evidence.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Mesoamerican nephropathy: A silent epidemic at the nexus of climate, labor, and health.AIMS public health · 2026Article
- Pervasive food contaminant ochratoxin-A induces energy crisis: Mitochondrial dysfunction in human primary proximal tubule cells.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Evaluation of toxicological mechanisms of ochratoxin-A in human primary proximal tubule epithelial cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Development, validation, and reliability of a questionnaire to assess risk-factors of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology.Journal of nephrology · 2025Article
- Community Water Trihalomethanes and Chronic Kidney Disease.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Review
- Evolution of Chronic Kidney Disease in Different Regions of the World.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease Associated with a Genetic Defect: A Report of Two Cases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology: A Global Health Threat in Rural Agricultural Communities-Prevalence, Suspected Causes, Mechanisms, and Prevention Strategies.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2024Review
- Exposome and Metabolome Analysis of Sugarcane Workers Reveals Predictors of Kidney Injury.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- Comparison of surgical outcomes between robot-assisted and conventional laparoscopic hysterectomy for large uterus.Journal of robotic surgery · 2023Article
- Review
- Article
- The Etiology of Kidney Failure in Indonesia: A Multicenter Study in Tertiary-Care Centers in Jakarta.Annals of global health · 2023Article
- Article
- Beyond Ingestion: Nasal Inhalation-Induced Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy from a Traditional Herbal Remedy - A Case Report.Glomerular diseasesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Amongst the many threats to health in our world, the most challenging ones are the ones with unknown causes. There is a mysterious epidemic of kidney disease called chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) that is occurring in many parts of the world. Unrelated to known risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension, CKDu mostly affects the young and middle-aged, with slight preponderance in males. It mostly occurs in people living in rural areas, especially working in agricultural jobs. Worldwide, the number of people with chronic kidney disease, and those who need dialysis and renal replacement, is increasing every year as compared to other chronic conditions like diabetes and AIDS. It's not just alarming but a great challenge to healthcare systems across the world, especially in resource-poor countries. CKDu has become a silent killer for most patients. The occurrence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in CKDu can be catastrophic for individuals, especially in countries with limited medical facilities, causing a significant socio-economic burden. Even within these economically developing nations, people affected by CKDu usually are from the most vulnerable and underserved populations. As a definitive etiology has not been postulated for CKDu to date, this comprehensive review was undertaken to throw light on the poorly understood epidemiologic risk factors and the course of the disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.