ReviewClinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology2021
Glycosaminoglycans: Sweet as Sugar Targets for Topical Skin Anti-Aging.
Review in Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- A sulfated chitosan-driven immune-ECM reprogramming strategy to break the vicious cycle of aged wound healing.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Glycosaminoglycans in tissue regeneration: Insights into glycobiology and their biomedical application.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- The extracellular matrix: structure, composition, biological functions, diseases, and therapeutic targets.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- The Tripartite Regulatory Framework of the Skin Extracellular Microenvironment and Related Anti-aging Strategies.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Hybrid Cooperative Complexes of Low- and High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic Acid in Aesthetic Medicine.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Transcriptomic Profiling ofCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- The Application of a Formulation Containing Hydroxypropyl Tetrahydropyrantriol and Niacinamide to Augment Anti-aging Benefits in a Double-blind, Randomized Nonablative Laser Treatment Study.The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Hyaluronic Acid in Topical Applications: The Various Forms and Biological Effects of a Hero Molecule in the Cosmetics Industry.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- The systemic wrinkled skin phenotype involves aberrant expression and variation of genes related to the oxidative stress and extracellular matrix in Xiang pigs.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Review
- Dermatan Sulfate: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Biological Roles.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Targeting Dermal Fibroblast Senescence: From Cellular Plasticity to Anti-Aging Therapies.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Oral Supplementation with a New Hyaluronic Acid Matrix Ingredient Improves Skin Brightness, Hydration, Smoothness, and Roughness: Results from a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study.Dermatology and therapy · 2025Article
- Injectable PEG-PCL-PEG Copolymers for Skin Rejuvenation: In Vitro Cell Studies to in Vivo Collagen Induction.Polymers · 2025Article
- Article
- Preparation and Evaluation of Complexed Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10) Antiaging Hyaluronic Acid-Vitamin C Serum for Skin Care.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Tailoring biomaterials for skin anti-aging.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Host-microbiome orchestration of the sulfated metabolome.Nature chemical biology · 2024Review
- Generalized reporter score-based enrichment analysis for omics data.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2024Article
- Extraction, Physicochemical Properties, andInternational journal of food science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long, linear polysaccharides comprised of repeating disaccharide units with pleiotropic biological functions, with the non-sulfated GAG hyaluronic acid (HA), and sulfated GAGs dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and to a lesser extent heparin all being expressed in skin. Their ability to regulate keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, inflammatory processes and extracellular matrix composition and quality demonstrates their critical role in regulating skin physiology. Similarly, the water-binding properties of GAGs and structural qualities, particularly for HA, are crucial for maintaining proper skin form and hydration. The biological importance of GAGs, as well as extensive evidence that their properties and functions are altered in both chronological and extrinsic skin aging, makes them highly promising targets to improve cosmetic skin quality. Within the present review, we examine the cutaneous biological activity of GAGs alongside the protein complexes they form called proteoglycans and summarize the age-related changes of these molecules in skin. We also examine current topical interventional approaches to modulate GAGs for improved skin quality such as direct exogenous administration of GAGs, with a particular interest in strategies targeted at potentiating GAG levels in skin through either attenuating GAG degradation or increasing GAG production.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.