Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34548494›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Epistasis shapes the fitness landscape of an allosteric specificity switch.

Kyle K Nishikawa, Nicholas Hoppe, Robert Smith, Craig Bingman, Srivatsan Raman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Selective control of ligand binding through a distal mutation that alters the protein native ensemble.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Evolutionary rewiring of the dynamic network underpinning allosteric epistasis in NS1 of the influenza A virus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Bioengineering hybrid artificial life.Frontiers in bioinformatics · 2025
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kyle K NishikawaDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Nicholas HoppeDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0265-5337
Robert SmithDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Craig BingmanDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3073-5089
Srivatsan RamanDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. sraman4@wisc.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-2461-1589

Funding

GRADUATE TRAINING IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCEST32GM007215 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI HULL, CHRISTINA M · 1985 to 2018
$22.5M
NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007215
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Epistasis is a major determinant in the emergence of novel protein function. In allosteric proteins, direct interactions between inducer-binding mutations propagate through the allosteric network, manifesting as epistasis at the level of biological function. Elucidating this relationship between local interactions and their global effects is essential to understanding evolution of allosteric proteins. We integrate computational design, structural and biophysical analysis to characterize the emergence of novel inducer specificity in an allosteric transcription factor. Adaptive landscapes of different inducers of the designed mutant show that a few strong epistatic interactions constrain the number of viable sequence pathways, revealing ridges in the fitness landscape leading to new specificity. The structure of the designed mutant shows that a striking change in inducer orientation still retains allosteric function. Comparing biophysical and functional properties suggests a nonlinear relationship between inducer binding affinity and allostery. Our results highlight the functional and evolutionary complexity of allosteric proteins.

Indexed as

Epistasis, GeneticAllosteric RegulationAllosteric SiteComputer SimulationCrystallography, X-RayEvolution, MolecularGenetic FitnessLigandsModels, GeneticMutationProtein BindingTranscription FactorsLigandsTranscription Factors

Identifiers

PMID34548494
PMCPMC8455584

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.