ArticleBMJ global health2021
Essential Emergency and Critical Care: a consensus among global clinical experts.
Article in BMJ global health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vital sign-based Early Warning Scores in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of clinical effectiveness and implementation challenges.Global health action · 2026Pooled it
- Explosive Weapons Trauma Care Collective (EXTRACCT) Clinical Practice Guideline: Transfer of Critically Injured Casualties.World journal of surgery · 2026Guideline
- Explosive Weapons Trauma Care Collective (EXTRACCT) Clinical Practice Guideline: Resuscitation of Pediatric Blast Injury Patient.World journal of surgery · 2026Guideline
- The prevalence of hypoxaemia in paediatric and adult patients in health-care facilities in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Global health · 2025Pooled it
- Etiology of hospital mortality in children living in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Critical care delivery across health care systems in low-income and low-middle-income country settings: A systematic review.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- Resource use, availability and cost in the provision of critical care in Tanzania: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
- Ensuring equitable emergency, critical and operative care.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Critical care readiness in conflict and disaster-affected Somalia: mass-casualty response, emergency referral, and continuity of life-saving care special collection: critical care in war and disaster areas.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Article
- On the Design of a Sign Language Corpus of Medical Terms for Automatic Translation Systems: Mixed Methods Approach.JMIR human factors · 2026Article
- Association of Vital Sign and Laboratory Abnormalities Detected via Remote Monitoring with ICU Readmission and Mortality: An Observational Cohort Study.Joint Commission journal on quality and patient safety · 2026Observational
- Critical care capacity in Africa: postpandemic ICU capacity, service readiness and patient profiles across public and private hospitals in Ethiopia.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Development and validation of the critical care practical competency scale for clinical nurses.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Risk factors for mortality in children with hypoxemia in resource-constrained settings: a secondary analysis of Global Paediatric Acute Critical Illness Point Prevalence Study (PARITY).BMC global and public health · 2026Article
- Top ten research priorities for Essential Emergency and Critical Care: A modified Delphi process.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Counted, not just rescued: Nepal's flood, and the test of an 'Always On' health system.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Advanced non-invasive respiratory support in resource-constrained settings: a narrative review.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Review
- Lessons learned from the promotion of Essential Emergency and Critical Care in Tanzania - a qualitative study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Correspondence on "Management of adult sepsis in resource-limited settings: global expert consensus statements using a Delphi method".Intensive care medicine · 2025Article
- Hospital burden of critical illness across global settings: a point prevalence and cohort study in Malawi, Sri Lanka and Sweden.BMJ global health · 2025Observational
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 12 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGlobally, critical illness results in millions of deaths every year. Although many of these deaths are potentially preventable, the basic, life-saving care of critically ill patients are often overlooked in health systems. Essential Emergency and Critical Care (EECC) has been devised as the care that should be provided to all critically ill patients in all hospitals in the world. EECC includes the effective care of low cost and low complexity for the identification and treatment of critically ill patients across all medical specialties. This study aimed to specify the content of EECC and additionally, given the surge of critical illness in the ongoing pandemic, the essential diagnosis-specific care for critically ill patients with COVID-19.
methodsIn a Delphi process, consensus (>90% agreement) was sought from a diverse panel of global clinical experts. The panel iteratively rated proposed treatments and actions based on previous guidelines and the WHO/ICRC's Basic Emergency Care. The output from the Delphi was adapted iteratively with specialist reviewers into a coherent and feasible package of clinical processes plus a list of hospital readiness requirements.
resultsThe 269 experts in the Delphi panel had clinical experience in different acute medical specialties from 59 countries and from all resource settings. The agreed EECC package contains 40 clinical processes and 67 requirements, plus additions specific for COVID-19.
conclusionThe study has specified the content of care that should be provided to all critically ill patients. Implementing EECC could be an effective strategy for policy makers to reduce preventable deaths worldwide.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.