SynthesisAcademic radiology2021
A Systematic Review of Imaging Studies in Olfactory Dysfunction Secondary to COVID-19.
Synthesis in Academic radiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Olfactory Dysfunction and Cognitive Decline: Are They Related?Current allergy and asthma reports · 2025Review
- Neurological Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Changing Variants: A 4-Year DW-MRI Study on Olfactory and Taste-Related Brain Regions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Treatments for Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19: A Systematic Review.International archives of otorhinolaryngology · 2024Review
- Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as Potential Treatments for COVID-19-Induced Anosmia.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Article
- Seven-tesla magnetic resonance imaging of the nervus terminalis, olfactory tracts, and olfactory bulbs in COVID-19 patients with anosmia and hypogeusia.Frontiers in radiology · 2024Article
- Mechanism and treatment of olfactory dysfunction caused by coronavirus disease 2019.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Review
- Clinical and Imaging Evaluation of COVID-19-Related Olfactory Dysfunction.American journal of rhinology & allergy · 2023Article
- MRI evidence of olfactory system alterations in patients with COVID-19 and neurological symptoms.Journal of neurology · 2023Observational
- Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19: new insights into the underlying mechanisms.Trends in neurosciences · 2023Review
- Chronic Olfactory Dysfunction in Children with Long COVID: A Retrospective Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Persistent olfactory dysfunction after COVID-19 is associated with reduced perfusion in the frontal lobe.Acta neurologica Scandinavica · 2022Article
- Intratympanic steroid treatments rescued recurrent hearing loss following COVID-19 vaccination and detection of an intralabyrinthine schwannoma.BMJ case reports · 2022Article
- Transient modifications of the olfactory bulb on MR follow-up of COVID-19 patients with related olfactory dysfunction.Journal of neuroradiology = Journal de neuroradiologie · 2022Article
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Confirmed Olfactory Bulb Reduction in Long COVID-19: Literature Review and Case Series.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Oral SARS-CoV-2 Inoculation Causes Nasal Viral Infection Leading to Olfactory Bulb Infection: An Experimental Study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Anosmia in COVID-19 could be associated with long-term deficits in the consolidation of procedural and verbal declarative memories.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
RATIONALE AND
objectivesHyposmia/anosmia is common among patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Various imaging modalities have been used to assess olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19. In this systematic review, we sought to categorize and summarize the imaging data in COVID-19-induced anosmia. MATERIAL AND
methodsEligible articles were included after a comprehensive review using online databases including Google scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Web of science and Elsevier. Duplicate results, conference abstracts, reviews, and studies in languages other than English were excluded.
resultsIn total, 305 patients undergoing MRI/functional MRI (177), CT of paranasal sinuses (129), and PET/CT or PET/MRI scans (14) were included. Out of a total of 218 findings reported on MRI, 80 were reported on early (≤ 1 month) and 85 on late (>1 month) imaging in relation to the onset of anosmia. Overall, OB morphology and T2-weighted or FLAIR signal intensity were normal in 68/218 (31.2%), while partial or complete opacification of OC was observed in 60/218 (27.5%). T2 hyperintensity in OB was detected in 11/80 (13.75%) and 18/85 (21.17%) on early and late imaging, respectively. Moreover, OB atrophy was reported in 1/80 (1.25%) on early and in 9/85 (10.58%) on late imaging. Last, among a total of 129 CT scans included, paranasal sinuses were evalualted in 88 (68.21%), which were reported as normal in most cases (77/88, [87.5%]).
conclusionIn this systematic review, normal morphology and T2/FLAIR signal intensity in OB and OC obstruction were the most common findings in COVID-19-induced anosmia, while paranasal sinuses were normal in most cases. OC obstruction is the likely mechanism for olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19. Abnormalities in OB signal intensity and OB atrophy suggest that central mechanisms may also play a role in late stage in COVID-19-induced anosmia.
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