ArticleBMC medicine2021
Psychopathological symptom network structure in transgender and gender queer youth reporting parental psychological abuse: a network analysis.
Article in BMC medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A network model of depressive and anxiety symptoms: a statistical evaluation.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Network analysis of intimate partner violence and depression-anxiety symptoms in Chinese transgender women.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Comparing local brain activity and distant functional connectivity in transgender women compared to cisgender controls.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Dysfunctional attitude and childhood maltreatment predict future recurrence among young adults with first-onset depression: a prospective cohort study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Using network analysis to identify risk and protective factors for mental health in LGBTQ+ youth.Mental health & prevention · 2025Article
- Psychosocial symptom networks and high-risk sexual behaviors among men who have sex with men: a network analysis.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Anxiety and Depression Among College Students Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown Lift: A Network Analysis Study Focus on the Transition Period.PsyCh journal · 2025Article
- The relationship between symptoms of gender dysphoria and social anxiety in transgender young adults: a network analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Association of types of on-screen content with mental health problems among Chinese adolescents.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Network Analysis of Health-related Behaviors, Insomnia, and Depression Among Urban Left-behind Adolescents in China.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- The Validation of the Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Measure and Mental Health Among Chinese Transgender and Gender Nonconforming People.Transgender health · 2025Article
- Gender Minority Stressors and Psychological Distress Among Chinese Transgender and Gender Diverse People: Variable-Centered, Person-Centered, and Psychological Network Approaches.Archives of sexual behavior · 2024Article
- Review
- Network Analysis of Internet Addiction, Online Social Anxiety, Fear of Missing Out, and Interpersonal Sensitivity among Chinese University Students.Depression and anxiety · 2024Article
- The influence of the severity of gender dysphoria on anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and non-suicidal self-injury in Chinese transgender, nonbinary, and gender-diverse youth.International journal of transgender health · 2024Article
- Network structure of mobile phone addiction and anxiety symptoms among rural Chinese adolescents.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Network connectivity between anxiety, depressive symptoms and psychological capital in Chinese university students during the COVID-19 campus closure.Journal of affective disorders · 2023Article
- Rates of breastfeeding or chestfeeding and influencing factors among transgender and gender-diverse parents: a cross sectional study.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- A scoping review of survey research with gender minority adolescents and youth in low and middle-income countries.PloS one · 2023Article
- Symptom association between social anxiety disorder, appearance anxiety, and eating disorders among Chinese University students: A network analysis to conceptualize comorbidity.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis is the first study to investigate the effect of parental psychological abuse on potential psychopathological symptoms in gender minority youth subgroups, including transgender women, transgender men, and gender queer individuals.
methodsData was analysed from the Chinese National Transgender Survey in 2017; the survey was distributed through community-based organizations to transgender adolescents and adults residing in China, with representation from all 32 provinces and autonomous regions. A total of 1293 youth that self-identified as transgender or gender queer completed the study. Measures covered psychopathological symptoms including depression, anxiety, risk of suicideand self-harm. Parental psychological abuse was assessed in terms of neglect and avoidance, force to change, and verbal insults. Both the edges and centralities were computed via network analysis, and the network properties were then compared among the three gender minority subgroups. In addition, linear regression was adopted to test the predictive ability of node centrality for low self-esteem.
resultsDescriptive analysis revealed that among the three subgroups, transgender women had more severe psychopathological symptoms and reported the most psychological abuse. Network analysis revealed that the risk of suicide and self-harm was directly connected with one type of parental psychological abuse ("neglect and avoidance"). Node centrality was significantly associated with the predicting value of the nodes on low self-esteem (r
conclusionsThe distinctive core psychopathological symptoms, within the networks of the gender minority subgroups, revealed specific symptoms across each group. The significant association between node centrality and low self-esteem indicated the extent of parental psychological abuse. Parental psychological abuse directed towards gender minority youth should be recognized as a form of family cold violence. It is recommended that schools and local communities should support early intervention to improve psychological well-being.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.