ArticleBMC public health2021
Use of methamphetamine and alcohol among people with opioid use disorder and HIV in Vietnam: a qualitative study.
Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01936857 (Buprenorphine to Improve HIV Care Engagement and Outcomes), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Buprenorphine to Improve HIV Care Engagement and Outcomes: A Randomized Trial (BRAVO)
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- ZIP code-level alcohol outlet density and nonfatal overdose among people who inject drugs in 22 US metropolitan statistical areas: a multilevel modeling analysis.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- "Sharing is my only option": an ethnographic analysis of the underlying contexts of needle and syringe sharing among people who inject drugs using the socio-ecological framework.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Stigma as a barrier to integrated substance use and HIV care in Vietnam: A qualitative examination of patient and provider perspectives.Journal of ethnicity in substance abuse · 2024Article
- Patient-provider relationships: Opioid use disorder and HIV treatment in Vietnam.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- A review of factors associated with methadone maintenance treatment adherence and retention in Vietnam.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Review
- Familial support in integrated treatment with antiretroviral therapy and medications for opioid use disorder in Vietnam: A qualitative study.Substance abuse · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHeroin use continues to drive HIV transmission in Vietnam, but methamphetamine and alcohol use are growing rapidly and, as in other countries, polysubstance use is widespread. The objective of this study was to understand the interplay between heroin, methamphetamine, and alcohol use among people with opioid use disorder (OUD) and HIV in Vietnam.
methodsWe conducted 44 in-depth, face-to-face qualitative interviews with people with OUD and HIV who participated in the BRAVO trial of buprenorphine versus methadone in five Vietnam HIV clinics. Interviews probed participants' experiences of heroin, methamphetamine, and alcohol use and their interplay with HIV/OUD treatment. Interviews were professionally transcribed and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.
resultsOf 44 participants interviewed 42 were male, on average 38.8 years of age, with 30 reporting a history of methamphetamine use and 33 reporting a history of alcohol use. Several themes emerged: 1) Methamphetamine and alcohol were perceived to have lower addiction potential than heroin 2) Social settings were key facilitators of alcohol and methamphetamine use 3) Some participants, but not all, used methamphetamine to help quit heroin 4) Consuming alcohol blunted the effects of heroin, while paradoxically serving as a catalyst for heroin use 5) Use of methamphetamine was perceived by many participants to be incompatible with treatment for HIV.
conclusionsParticipant experiences reflected a significant impact of polysubstance use on treatment of HIV and OUD. Patterns of polysubstance use are subject to common preconceptions of alcohol and methamphetamine as having a low addictive potential, and these substances are deeply enmeshed in the social life of many people with OUD in Vietnam. Interventions to address complex social norms and potential harms of polysubstance use are urgently needed as the population of people receiving medication for OUD (MOUD) increases in Vietnam and globally.
trial registrationBRAVO - NCT01936857 , September 2013.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.