Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34548020›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2021

Facility-based surveillance for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in rural Zambia.

Gideon Loevinsohn, Mutinta Hamahuwa, Pamela Sinywimaanzi, Katherine Z J Fenstermacher, Kathryn Shaw-Saliba, Andrew Pekosz, Mwaka Monze, Richard E Rothman, Edgar Simulundu, Philip E Thuma and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 25% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Respiratory viruses in rural Zambia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2022
    Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Gideon LoevinsohnDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room E6535, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Mutinta HamahuwaMacha Research Trust, Macha, Choma, Zambia.
Pamela SinywimaanziMacha Research Trust, Macha, Choma, Zambia.
Katherine Z J FenstermacherDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Kathryn Shaw-SalibaDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Andrew PekoszDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Mwaka MonzeVirology Laboratory, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.
Richard E RothmanDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Edgar SimulunduMacha Research Trust, Macha, Choma, Zambia.
Philip E ThumaMacha Research Trust, Macha, Choma, Zambia.
Catherine G SutcliffeDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room E6535, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. csutcli1@jhu.edu.
Johns Hopkins University · USGolden Valley Agricultural Research Trust · ZMJohns Hopkins Medicine · USUniversity Teaching Hospital · ZM

Funding

Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM136577 · NIGMS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI ANDREA L COX · 2020 to 2026
$13.4M
NIAID NIH HHS HHSN272201400007CNIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM136577
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWhile southern Africa experiences among the highest mortality rates from respiratory infections, the burden of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in rural areas is poorly understood.

methodsWe implemented facility-based surveillance in Macha, Zambia. Outpatients and inpatients presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) underwent testing for influenza A, influenza B, and RSV and were prospectively followed for 3 to 5 weeks to assess clinical course. Log-binomial models assessed correlates of infection and clinical severity.

resultsBetween December 2018 and December 2019, 17% of all outpatients presented with ILI and 16% of inpatients were admitted with an acute respiratory complaint. Influenza viruses and RSV were detected in 17% and 11% of outpatient participants with ILI, and 23% and 16% of inpatient participants with ILI, respectively. Influenza (July-September) and RSV (January-April) prevalence peaks were temporally distinct. RSV (relative risk [RR]: 1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51-2.11), but not influenza, infection was associated with severe disease among patients with ILI. Underweight patients with ILI were more likely to be infected with influenza A (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.72; 95% CI 1.04-2.87) and to have severe influenza A infections (RR: 2.49; 95% CI 1.57-3.93).

conclusionsPopulations in rural Zambia bear a sizeable burden of viral respiratory infections and severe disease. The epidemiology of infections in this rural area differs from that reported from urban areas in Zambia.

Indexed as

Influenza, HumanRespiratory Syncytial Virus, HumanRespiratory Syncytial Virus InfectionsRespiratory Tract InfectionsHumansInfantZambiaInfluenzaRisk factorsRSVRuralSeveritySouthern Africa

Identifiers

PMID34548020
PMCPMC8453466
OpenAlexW3200918637

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.