ArticleNeurobiology of aging2021
Lifestyle and the aging brain: interactive effects of modifiable lifestyle behaviors and cognitive ability in men from midlife to old age.
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Article in Neurobiology of aging, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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22citing papers in PubMed
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Data-driven leisure-time physical activity trajectories of over 46 years and their associations with cognition in nonagenarians: a cohort study.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Comorbid HIV and Cocaine Use Exacerbate Accelerated Brain Aging.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The role of healthy lifestyle in the association between hepatic fibro-inflammation and steatosis and brain aging-a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Pain Resilience and Chronic Low Back Pain Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Pace of Biological Aging.Biological research for nursing · 2025Article
- Early cognitive ability and dementia risk: Response to Chen and colleagues.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Linking Individual Variability of Multi-modal Connectivity, Lifestyle, Psycho-Social Factors and Cognition in Older Adults.Aging and disease · 2025Article
- Association Between Lifestyle at Different Life Periods and Brain Integrity in Older Adults.Neurology · 2025Observational
- Difference between Okinawan and Dutch older adults in prefrontal brain activation.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Clustering on longitudinal lifestyle trajectories and their impact on cognitive performance.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Decoding meditation mechanisms underlying brain preservation and psycho-affective health in older expert meditators and older meditation-naive participants.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Frontotemporal structure preservation underlies the protective effect of lifetime intellectual cognitive reserve on cognition in the elderly.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Diabetes, Prediabetes, and Brain Aging: The Role of Healthy Lifestyle.Diabetes care · 2024Article
- Brain reserve in midlife is associated with executive function changes across 12 years.Neurobiology of aging · 2024Article
- Brain age as a biomarker for pathological versus healthy ageing - a REMEMBER study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Accelerated Brain Aging Mediates the Association Between Psychological Profiles and Clinical Pain in Knee Osteoarthritis.The journal of pain · 2024Article
- Multimodal lifestyle engagement patterns support cognitive stability beyond neuropathological burden.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2023Article
- Genetic and Environmental Influences on Structural and Diffusion-Based Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Signatures Across Midlife and Early Old Age.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2023Article
- Applications of generative adversarial networks in neuroimaging and clinical neuroscience.NeuroImage · 2023Review
- Cognitive Reserve and Related Constructs: A Unified Framework Across Cognitive and Brain Dimensions of Aging.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
- The Impact of Genes and Environment on Brain Ageing in Males Aged 51 to 72 Years.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Carol E FranzDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. Electronic address: cfranz@health.ucsd.edu.
Sean N HattonDepartment of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Jeremy A ElmanDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Teresa WarrenDepartment of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
Nathan A GillespieVirginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
Nathan A WhitselDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Olivia K PuckettDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Anders M DaleDepartment of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Lisa T EylerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Christine Fennema-NotestineDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Donald J HaglerDepartment of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Richard L HaugerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
Ruth McKenzieDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Michael C NealeVirginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Matthew S PanizzonDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Rahul C PearceDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Chandra A ReynoldsDepartment of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
Mark Sanderson-CiminoSan Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
Rosemary ToomeyDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Xin M TuDepartment of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
McKenna WilliamsDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA.
Hong XianDepartment of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Michael J LyonsDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
William S KremenDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
University of San Diego · USUniversity of California San Diego · USBoston University · USSan Diego State University · USVirginia Commonwealth University · USSaint Louis University · USUniversity of California, Riverside · US
Funding
The VETSA Longitudinal Twin Study of Cognition and Aging (VETSA 4)R01AG050595 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ELMAN, JEREMY A, FRANZ, CAROL ELAINE · 2015 to 2024
$28.0MThe VETSA Longitudinal MRI Twin Study of AgingR01AG022381 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI KREMEN, WILLIAM S. · 2003 to 2019
$22.3MUrban Air Pollution and Pathological Brain Aging: A Nationwide Twin Study in MenP01AG055367 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI MACK, WILLIAM J · 2018 to 2022
$11.5MSDSU ADAR ProgramR25AG043364 · NIA · SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI THEREASA A CRONAN · 2013 to 2026
$5.5MClarifying risk and protective factors for dementia with the Interplay of Genes and Environment in Multiple Studies (IGEMS) consortiumR01AG060470 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI GATZ, MARGARET, PEDERSEN, NANCY L · 2018 to 2022
$3.6MGene-Environment Interplay of Social Contexts and Aging-Related OutcomesR01AG037985 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI PEDERSEN, NANCY L · 2010 to 2014
$3.2MSES health gradients in late life: testing models of gene-environment interplay in an international twin consortiumR01AG059329 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI FINCH, BRIAN K., GATZ, MARGARET · 2018 to 2022
$2.9MGene-Environment Interplay of Social Contexts and Aging-Related OutcomesR56AG037985 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI GATZ, MARGARET, PEDERSEN, NANCY L · 2016 to 2016
$818kLinking genetic subtypes of Alzheimer's disease to biological and cognitive heterogeneityK01AG063805 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ELMAN, JEREMY A · 2021 to 2024
$516kPractice Effects in Cognitive Aging: Implications for Biomarkers and Early DiagnosisF31AG064834 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI SANDERSON-CIMINO, MARK · 2020 to 2021
$78kCSRD VA I01 CX001727NIA NIH HHS F31 AG064834NIA NIH HHS K01 AG063805NIA NIH HHS P01 AG055367NIA NIH HHS R01 AG022381NIA NIH HHS R01 AG037985NIA NIH HHS R01 AG050595NIA NIH HHS R01 AG059329NIA NIH HHS R01 AG060470NIA NIH HHS R25 AG043364NIA NIH HHS R56 AG037985
Abstract
We examined the influence of lifestyle on brain aging after nearly 30 years, and tested the hypothesis that young adult general cognitive ability (GCA) would moderate these effects. In the community-dwelling Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA), 431 largely non-Hispanic white men completed a test of GCA at mean age 20. We created a modifiable lifestyle behavior composite from data collected at mean age 40. During VETSA, MRI-based measures at mean age 68 included predicted brain age difference (PBAD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain signature, and abnormal white matter scores. There were significant main effects of young adult GCA and lifestyle on PBAD and the AD signature (ps ≤ 0.012), and a GCA-by-lifestyle interaction on both (ps ≤ 0.006). Regardless of GCA level, having more favorable lifestyle behaviors predicted less advanced brain age and less AD-like brain aging. Unfavorable lifestyles predicted advanced brain aging in those with lower age 20 GCA, but did not affect brain aging in those with higher age 20 GCA. Targeting early lifestyle modification may promote dementia risk reduction, especially among lower reserve individuals.
Indexed as
Life StyleAdultAgedAge FactorsAgingAlzheimer DiseaseBehaviorCognitionCognitive ReserveHealthy LifestyleHumansIndependent LivingMaleMiddle AgedWhite MatterYoung AdultAlzheimer's disease brain signatureBrain agingCognitive reserveGeneral cognitive abilityMild cognitive impairmentModifiable lifestyle behaviorWhite matter abnormalities
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