ReviewEnvironment international2022
Current understanding of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] neurotoxicity and new perspectives.
Review in Environment international, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 303 citations in OpenAlex.
- Occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium: a systematic review of environmental monitoring methods and analytical advances.Annals of work exposures and health · 2026Pooled it
- Kolaviron offers significant neuroprotection on potassium dichromate-induced neurobehavioral, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical changes in rats.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- MgCuZnAl-Layered Double Hydroxides for Cr(VI) Adsorption: Effect of Interlayer Anions on Uptake Behavior and pH-Dependent Stability.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Hexavalent Chromium Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Neurons and Astrocytes via MAPK Pathway Activation.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Tracing the threads: How toxic metals contribute to neurodegeneration.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Multi-elemental fingerprinting of the human brain: distribution of toxic, essential, and rare earth elements across neocortical, limbic, and subcortical regions.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Genetic Polymorphisms as Modifiers of Health Risks from Exposure to Toxic Elements: A Traditional Literature Review.Toxics · 2026Review
- Distribution of Toxic and Essential Elements in Autopsy Organs of Subjects Living in South-Eastern Poland.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Perinatal exposure to metal mixtures disrupts neuronal function and behavior.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Chromium(VI) Modulates Macrophage Polarization and Metabolic Reprogramming to Impair Immune Function.Toxics · 2026Article
- Metal Pollution in the Air and Its Effects on Vulnerable Populations: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Sustainable strategies for remediation of Cr(VI) contaminated soil and water bodies: exploring the potential of invasive bamboo and its derivatives.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- Towards learning and memory risk assessment with human brain organoids: barriers and opportunities.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Review
- Hexavalent Chromium Oropharyngeal Aspiration Induced Behavior Effects and Essential Metal Dyshomeostasis in Young Hartley Guinea Pigs.Applied sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Segmentation and Multimodal Characterization of Metal Particles in the Human Hippocampus Using Discrete Segmentation Algorithms and Correlation Spectral Analysis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hexavalent chromium neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans targeted GABAergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic neurons, and contributed to an aged phenotype.Neurotoxicology · 2025Article
- Investigation of the Relationship Between Serum Trace Elements and MSFC Levels in Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-sectional Case-Control Study.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- A comprehensive review on the capability of graphene quantum dots-based/involved platforms for the detection of inorganic ions.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a global environmental pollutant that increases risk for several types of cancers and is increasingly being recognized as a neurotoxicant. Traditionally, the brain has been viewed as a largely post-mitotic organ due to its specialized composition of neurons, and consequently, clastogenic effects were not considered in neurotoxicology. Today, we understand the brain is composed of at least eight distinct cell types - most of which continue mitotic activity throughout lifespan. We have learned these dividing cells play essential roles in brain and body health. This review focuses on Cr(VI), a potent clastogen and known human carcinogen, as a potentially neurotoxic agent targeting mitotic cells of the brain. Despite its well-established role as a human carcinogen, Cr(VI) neurotoxicity studies have failed to find a significant link to brain cancers. In the few studies that did find a link, Cr(VI) was identified as a risk for gliomas. Instead, in the human brain, Cr(VI) appears to have more subtle deleterious effects that can impair childhood learning and attention development, olfactory function, social memory, and may contribute to motor neuron diseases. Studies of Cr(VI) neurotoxicity with animal and cell culture models have demonstrated elevated markers of oxidative damage and redox stress, with widespread neurodegeneration. One study showed mice exposed to Cr(VI)-laden tannery effluent exhibited longer periods of aggressive behavior toward an "intruder" mouse and took longer to recognize mice previously encountered, recapitulating the social memory deficits observed in humans. Here we conducted a critical review of the available literature on Cr(VI) neurotoxicity and synthesize the collective observations to thoroughly evaluate Cr(VI) neurotoxicity - much remains to be understood and recognized.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.