ReviewNeuroscience and biobehavioral reviews2021
Change of pace: How developmental tempo varies to accommodate failed provision of early needs.
Review in Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Phylum level differences in the gut bacteria of nursing infants and growth-related decreases in iron reserves are associated with the microstructural organization of cortical white matter tracts in rhesus monkeys.Neurobiology of stress · 2026Article
- Epigenome-wide association analysis of prenatal organophosphate ester flame retardant exposure in maternal blood implicates maternal immune and neuronal epigenetic alterations.Environment international · 2026Article
- Sex-specific neurodevelopmental pathways to depressive symptoms.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Timing of adverse childhood experiences shapes epigenetic ageing and life-history outcomes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Timing and tempo of puberty and neurodevelopment following adversity: A registered report.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- White matter reflects the childhood exposome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Individual differences in adolescent cortical development are associated with neighborhood characteristics: Longitudinal findings from the ABCD study.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Article
- Early Life Stress Effects on Children's Biology, Behavior, and Health: Evidence, Mediators, Moderators, and Solutions.Annual review of psychology · 2026Review
- The effect of the "exposome" on developmental brain health and cognitive outcomes.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- The Impact of Early Life Adversity on Peripubertal Accelerated Epigenetic Aging and Psychopathology.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025Article
- Maternal depressive symptoms in childhood and offspring brain cortical and subcortical volumetric change: A repeated imaging study from age 4-10 years.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Article
- Environmental and neurodevelopmental contributors to youth mental illness.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Review
- Linking caregiving quality during infancy to brain activity in early childhood and later executive function.Developmental science · 2024Article
- Prenatal environment is associated with the pace of cortical network development over the first three years of life.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Depressive symptoms during the transition to adolescence: Left hippocampal volume as a marker of social context sensitivity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Intervening After Trauma: Child-Parent Psychotherapy Treatment Is Associated With Lower Pediatric Epigenetic Age Acceleration.Psychological science · 2024Article
- Screen time, brain network development and socio-emotional competence in childhood: moderation of associations by parent-child reading.Psychological medicine · 2024Article
- Navigating Pubertal Goldilocks: The Optimal Pace for Hierarchical Brain Organization.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Article
- Developmental Correlates of Accelerated Molar Eruption in Early Childhood.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The interplay of genes and environments (GxE) is a fundamental source of variation in behavioral and developmental outcomes. Although the role of developmental time (T) in the unfolding of such interactions has yet to be fully considered, GxE operates within a temporal frame of reference across multiple timescales and degrees of biological complexity. Here, we consider GxExT interactions to understand adversity-induced developmental acceleration or deceleration whereby environmental conditions hasten or hinder children's development. To date, developmental pace changes have been largely explained through a focus on the individual: for example, how adversity "wears down" aging biological systems or how adversity accelerates or decelerates maturation to optimize reproductive fitness. We broaden such theories by positing shifts in developmental pace in response to the parent-child dyad's capacity or incapacity for meeting children's early, physiological and safety needs. We describe empirical evidence and potential neurobiological mechanisms supporting this new conceptualization of developmental acceleration and deceleration. We conclude with suggestions for future research on the developmental consequences of early adverse exposures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.