ArticlePloS one2021
Risk factor for breast cancer development under exposure to bovine leukemia virus in Colombian women: A case-control study.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Viral Genomic Footprints in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Tissue-Based Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus and Bovine Leukemia Virus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and risk of breast cancer; a systematic review and meta-analysis.Retrovirology · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Article
- Establishment and Characterization of Human Cell Lines Stably Infected With Bovine Leukemia Virus In Vitro Reveals Apoptosis After Latency and Silencing.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- The Complexity of Bovine Leukemia Virus Oncogenesis.Viruses · 2025Review
- Bovine Leukemia Virus and Human Breast Cancer: A Review of Clinical and Molecular Evidence.Viruses · 2025Review
- The reticulocyte restriction: invasion ligand RBP1a ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Bovine leukemia virus: an emerging concern for zoonotic cross-species transmission.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- The association between infectious agents and breast cancer: a review of the epidemiologic evidence.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Review
- The Role of Oncogenic Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Sporadic Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of the Current Literature.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Global Epidemiology of Bovine Leukemia Virus: Current Trends and Future Implications.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Seroprevalence of bovine leukemia virus in cattle and buffaloes in the border provinces of the Eastern Anatolia region, Türkiye: insights into the eradication of infection.Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2024Article
- Risk factors associated with enzootic bovine leukosis in Boyacá and Cundinamarca municipalities, Colombia.Open veterinary journal · 2023Article
- Article
- Diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of bovine leukemia virus in dairy cattle in northeastern Brazil.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Viruses have been implicated in cancer development in both humans and animals. The role of viruses in cancer is typically to initiate cellular transformation through cellular DNA damage, although specific mechanisms remain unknown. Silent and long-term viral infections need to be present, in order to initiate cancer disease. In efforts to establish a causative role of viruses, first is needed to demonstrate the strength and consistency of associations in different populations. The aim of this study was to determine the association of bovine leukemia virus (BLV), a causative agent of leukemia in cattle, with breast cancer and its biomarkers used as prognosis of the severity of the disease (Ki67, HER2, hormonal receptors) in Colombian women. An unmatched, observational case-control study was conducted among women undergoing breast surgery between 2016-2018. Malignant samples (n = 75) were considered as cases and benign samples (n = 83) as controls. Nested-liquid PCR, in-situ PCR and immunohistochemistry were used for viral detection in blood and breast tissues. For the risk assessment, only BLV positive samples from breast tissues were included in the analysis. BLV was higher in cases group (61.3%) compared with controls (48.2%), with a statistically significant association between the virus and breast cancer in the unconditional logistic regression (adjusted-OR = 2.450,95%CI:1.088-5.517, p = 0.031). In this study, BLV was found in both blood and breast tissues of participants and an association between breast cancer and the virus was confirmed in Colombia, as an intermediate risk factor.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.