ArticleJournal of studies on alcohol and drugs2021
Prospective Associations of Pain Intensity and Substance Use in the United States Population: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis.
Article in Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations Between Pain and Substance Use Among Individuals Diagnosed with Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes or Generalized Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Associations between cannabis use, cannabis use motivations and past year polysubstance use among people living with HIV in Florida.AIDS care · 2026Article
- Bi-directional associations between alcohol consumption and pain among non-manual workers: a random-intercept cross-lagged panel analysis in the British Whitehall II cohort study.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2026Article
- The bidirectional relationship between pain and tobacco use: Insights from the longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Ten years of transitional pain service research and practice: where are we and where do we go from here?Regional anesthesia and pain medicine · 2025Review
- Adolescent predictors of substance use in young adulthood among individuals with childhood-onset chronic pain: A follow-up study.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Observational
- Multidimensional Experience of Pain in Adults With Cirrhosis: A Cross-sectional Survey Study.Gastro hep advances · 2025Article
- Pain and unhealthy alcohol use among people living with HIV: A prospective cohort study.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2024Article
- Construction of Pain Management Strategies After Hepatectomy: Evidence Summary and Delphi Study.Journal of pain research · 2024Article
- Pain and Menthol Use Are Related to Greater Nicotine Dependence Among Black Adults Who Smoke Cigarettes at Wave 5 (2018-2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- Longitudinal Associations Between Pain and Use of Cigarettes and E-cigarettes in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePain is associated with increased risk for harmful substance use. Substance use also may increase levels of pain, suggesting that these two factors may reciprocally increase risk. The current study examined the reciprocal association between pain and substance use outcomes (i.e., alcohol, cannabis, and painkillers/sedatives/tranquilizers [PSTs]) longitudinally in a nationally representative cohort of non-incarcerated U.S. citizens.
methodAdult (≥18 years old) survey data from Waves 2-4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study were used. The PATH is a nationally representative multiwave cohort survey (Wave 2: October 2014-October 2015, Wave 3: October 2015-October 2016, Wave 4: December 2016-January 2018). Cross-lagged panel models were used to estimate the reciprocal effects of pain intensity and substance use on subsequent changes in both variables. Substance use outcomes were substance use problems and greater-than-weekly use for cannabis and PSTs, total past-month drinks, and alcohol use exceeding moderate drinking guidelines. All models controlled for autoregressive effects and demographic covariates.
resultsPain intensity showed a positive prospective association with all substance use outcomes. All cannabis and PST use were positively associated with subsequent pain intensity. Alcohol use problems also predicted higher levels of pain intensity. Neither total past-month drinks nor exceeding moderate drinking guidelines predicted subsequent pain intensity.
conclusionsPain and substance use show a reciprocal association and may act in a positive feedback loop to worsen both conditions over time in people with a history of use.
Indexed as
Identifiers
34546903PMC8819613W3200820049What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.