Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34546485›Full record

ArticleThe European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care2022

Cost-minimization analysis of immunoglobulin treatment of primary immunodeficiency diseases in Spain.

Laia Alsina, J Bruno Montoro, Pedro Moral Moral, Olaf Neth, Marta Ortiz Pica, Silvia Sánchez-Ramón, María Presa, Itziar Oyagüez, Miguel Ángel Casado, Luis Ignacio González-Granado

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Intravenous versus subcutaneous immunoglobulin in patients with haematological malignancies: time-driven activity-based costing.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Laia AlsinaClinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
J Bruno Montoro *Pharmacy Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
Pedro Moral Moral *Sección de Inmunopatología Y Enfermedades Minoritarias, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
Olaf Neth *Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Sevilla, Spain.
Marta Ortiz Pica *Hospital de Día Médico, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
Silvia Sánchez-Ramón *Departamento de Inmunología Clínica, IML, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
María PresaPharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Iberia (PORIB), Madrid, Spain.
Itziar OyagüezPharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Iberia (PORIB), Madrid, Spain.
Miguel Ángel CasadoPharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Iberia (PORIB), Madrid, Spain.
Luis Ignacio González-GranadoPrimary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Pediatrics, University Hospital 12 Octubre/Research Institute Hospital, 12 octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain. luisigon@ucm.es.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID), which are comprised of over 400 genetic disorders, occur when a component of the immune system is diminished or dysfunctional. Patients with PID who require immunoglobulin (IG) replacement therapy receive intravenous IG (IVIG) or subcutaneous IG (SCIG), each of which provides equivalent efficacy. We developed a cost-minimization model to evaluate costs of IVIG versus SCIG from the Spanish National Healthcare System perspective. The base case modeled the annual cost per patient of IVIG and SCIG for the mean doses (per current expert clinical practice) over 1 year in terms of direct (drug and administration) and indirect (lost productivity for adults and parents/guardians of pediatric patients) costs. It was assumed that all IVIG infusions were administered in a day hospital, and 95% of SCIG infusions were administered at home. Drug costs were calculated from ex-factory prices obtained from local databases minus the mandatory deduction. Costs were valued on 2018 euros. The annual modeled costs were €4,266 lower for patients with PID who received SCIG (total €14,466) compared with those who received IVIG (total €18,732). The two largest contributors were differences in annual IG costs as a function of dosage (- €1,927) and hospital administration costs (- €2,688). However, SCIG incurred training costs for home administration (€695). Sensitivity analyses for two dose-rounding scenarios were consistent with the base case. Our model suggests that SCIG may be a cost-saving alternative to IVIG for patients with PID in Spain.

Indexed as

Immunologic Deficiency SyndromesPrimary Immunodeficiency DiseasesAdultChildHospital CostsHumansImmunoglobulins, IntravenousSpainImmunoglobulins, IntravenousCost-minimization analysisImmune systemImmunoglobulin replacement therapyIntravenous immunoglobulinPrimary immunodeficiency diseaseSubcutaneous immunoglobulin

Identifiers

PMID34546485
PMCPMC8964571

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.