Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34546125›Full record

ReviewRadiology2021

Quantification of Liver Fat Content with CT and MRI: State of the Art.

Jitka Starekova, Diego Hernando, Perry J Pickhardt, Scott B Reeder

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Radiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 177 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
177citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
21.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

177 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 258 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Guideline
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  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Review
  7. Article
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  9. Observational
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  13. Observational
  14. Article
  15. Cross-Vendor Validation of Proton Density Fat Fraction and TJournal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2026
    Article
  16. Automated Deep Learning Detection of Hepatic Steatosis on Noncontrast Computed Tomography Scans and Discrepancy With Scan Reports.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2026
    Article
  17. Article
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117 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Jitka StarekovaFrom the Departments of Radiology (J.S., D.H., P.J.P., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705.ORCID 0000-0002-4285-3090
Diego HernandoFrom the Departments of Radiology (J.S., D.H., P.J.P., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705.ORCID 0000-0002-0016-0317
Perry J PickhardtFrom the Departments of Radiology (J.S., D.H., P.J.P., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705.ORCID 0000-0002-5534-8202
Scott B ReederFrom the Departments of Radiology (J.S., D.H., P.J.P., S.B.R.), Medical Physics (D.H., S.B.R.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), and Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705.ORCID 0000-0003-4728-8171
University of Wisconsin–Madison · US

Funding

Technical Validation of MRI Biomarkers of Liver FatR01DK088925 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI REEDER, SCOTT B., SIRLIN, CLAUDE B · 2010 to 2021
$7.1M
Confounder-Corrected Quantitative MRI Biomarkers of HepaticR01DK100651 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI REEDER, SCOTT B. · 2014 to 2017
$2.7M
MRI-based Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of Hepatic Iron OverloadR01DK117354 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI HERNANDO, DIEGO · 2018 to 2021
$2.3M
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging PhantomsR44EB025729 · NIBIB · CALIMETRIX, LLC · PI BRITTAIN, JEAN H., HERNANDO, DIEGO · 2019 to 2020
$1.5M
NIBIB NIH HHS R44 EB025729NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK088925NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK100651NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK117354
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hepatic steatosis is defined as pathologically elevated liver fat content and has many underlying causes. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, with an increasing prevalence among adults and children. Abnormal liver fat accumulation has serious consequences, including cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, hepatic steatosis is increasingly recognized as an independent risk factor for the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and, most important, cardiovascular mortality. During the past 2 decades, noninvasive imaging-based methods for the evaluation of hepatic steatosis have been developed and disseminated. Chemical shift-encoded MRI is now established as the most accurate and precise method for liver fat quantification. CT is important for the detection and quantification of incidental steatosis and may play an increasingly prominent role in risk stratification, particularly with the emergence of CT-based screening and artificial intelligence. Quantitative imaging methods are increasingly used for diagnostic work-up and management of steatosis, including treatment monitoring. The purpose of this state-of-the-art review is to provide an overview of recent progress and current state of the art for liver fat quantification using CT and MRI, as well as important practical considerations related to clinical implementation.

Indexed as

Fatty LiverHumansLiverMagnetic Resonance ImagingReproducibility of ResultsTomography, X-Ray Computed

Identifiers

PMID34546125
PMCPMC8574059
OpenAlexW3199340922

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.