Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34545151›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

A Tunguska sized airburst destroyed Tall el-Hammam a Middle Bronze Age city in the Jordan Valley near the Dead Sea.

Ted E Bunch, Malcolm A LeCompte, A Victor Adedeji, James H Wittke, T David Burleigh, Robert E Hermes, Charles Mooney, Dale Batchelor, Wendy S Wolbach, Joel Kathan and 11 more

RetractedErratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract readRetracted Publication
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
52.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors at 15 institutions in 2 countries.

Ted E BunchGeology Program, School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA.
Malcolm A LeCompteCenter of Excellence in Remote Sensing Education and Research, Elizabeth City State University, Elizabeth City, NC, 27909, USA.
A Victor AdedejiDepartment of Natural Sciences, Elizabeth City State University, Elizabeth City, NC, 27909, USA.
James H WittkeGeology Program, School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA.
T David BurleighMaterials and Metallurgical Engineering, New Mexico Institute On Mining & Technology, Socorro, NM, 87801, USA.
Robert E HermesLos Alamos National Laboratory (Retired), Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
Charles MooneyAnalytical Instrumentation Facility, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
Dale BatchelorEAG Laboratories, Eurofins Materials Science, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
Wendy S WolbachDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, 60614, USA.
Joel KathanDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, 60614, USA.
Gunther KletetschkaGeophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 903 Koyukuk Drive, College, AK, 99775, USA.
Mark C L PattersonSouthern Research Institute, 757 Tom Martin Drive, Birmingham, AL, 35211, USA.
Edward C SwindelUS Navy, NAVFAC Mid-Atlantic Region, NS Norfolk, VA, 23511, USA.
Timothy WitwerComet Research Group, Prescott, AZ, 86301, USA.
George A HowardRestoration Systems, L.L.C., Raleigh, NC, 27604, USA.
Siddhartha MitraDepartment of Geological Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.
Christopher R MooreSavannah River Archaeological Research Program, South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of South Carolina, New Ellenton, SC, 29809, USA.
Kurt LangworthyCAMCOR, University of Oregon, 1443 E 13th Ave, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA.
James P KennettDepartment of Earth Science and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
Allen WestComet Research Group, Prescott, AZ, 86301, USA. CometResearchGroup@gmail.com.
Phillip J SilviaCollege of Archaeology, Trinity Southwest University, Albuquerque, NM, 87109, USA.
DePaul University · USElizabeth City State University · USNorthern Arizona University · USCharles University · CZEast Carolina University · USEurofins (United States) · USLos Alamos National Laboratory · USNaval Facilities Engineering Systems Command · USNew Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology · USNorth Carolina State University · USSouthern Research Institute · USTrinity Southwest University · USUniversity of California, Santa Barbara · USUniversity of Oregon · USUniversity of South Carolina · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We present evidence that in ~ 1650 BCE (~ 3600 years ago), a cosmic airburst destroyed Tall el-Hammam, a Middle-Bronze-Age city in the southern Jordan Valley northeast of the Dead Sea. The proposed airburst was larger than the 1908 explosion over Tunguska, Russia, where a ~ 50-m-wide bolide detonated with ~ 1000× more energy than the Hiroshima atomic bomb. A city-wide ~ 1.5-m-thick carbon-and-ash-rich destruction layer contains peak concentrations of shocked quartz (~ 5-10 GPa); melted pottery and mudbricks; diamond-like carbon; soot; Fe- and Si-rich spherules; CaCO

Identifiers

PMID34545151
PMCPMC8452666
OpenAlexW3199238525

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.