ArticleScientific reports2021
Effects of apolipoprotein E isoform, sex, and diet on insulin BBB pharmacokinetics in mice.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Apolipoprotein E4 on blood-brain barrier integrity in target replacement murine models: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Insulin and Incretin Receptor Agonists Reciprocally Alter Their Blood-Brain Barrier Permeabilities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Reprogramming insulin receptor activation with a de novo agonist to overcome severe insulin resistance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Deciphering the role of APOE in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: from genetic insights to therapeutic horizons.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Effects of a high-fat diet on cognition and brain distribution of intranasal insulin in E3 and E4 male and female mice.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Comparing regional brain uptake of incretin receptor agonists after intranasal delivery in CD-1 mice and the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Minding the Gap: Exploring Neuroinflammatory and Microglial Sex Differences in Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Central nervous system insulin signaling can influence the rate of insulin influx into brain.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2023Article
- Role of aging in Blood-Brain Barrier dysfunction and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection: impacts on neurological symptoms of COVID-19.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2022Review
- Insulin Resistance in Peripheral Tissues and the Brain: A Tale of Two Sites.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Sex Differences in Metabolic Indices and Chronic Neuroinflammation in Response to Prolonged High-Fat Diet in ApoE4 Knock-In Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Evidence for an alternative insulin transporter at the blood-brain barrier.Aging pathobiology and therapeutics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Age, apolipoprotein E (apoE) isoform, sex, and diet can independently affect the risk for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, synergy between some of these risk factors have been observed. However, the relation between the latter three risk factors has not been investigated. Central nervous system (CNS) insulin resistance is commonly involved in each of these risk factors. CNS insulin is primarily derived from the periphery in which insulin must be transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Additionally, insulin can bind the brain endothelial cell to affect intracellular signaling. Therefore, we hypothesized CNS access to insulin could be affected by the combination of apoE isoform, sex, and diet. We analyzed insulin BBB pharmacokinetics in aged apoE targeted replacement (E3 and E4) male and female mice on a low-fat and high-fat diet. There were differences within males and females due to apoE genotype and diet in insulin interactions at the BBB. These sex-, diet-, and apoE isoform-dependent differences could contribute to the cognitive changes observed due to altered CNS insulin signaling.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.