Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34544867›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021

Deep learning for early warning signals of tipping points.

Thomas M Bury, R I Sujith, Induja Pavithran, Marten Scheffer, Timothy M Lenton, Madhur Anand, Chris T Bauch

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
58citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

58 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Early Warning Signals in Ecological Time-Series.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Interpretable early warnings using machine learning in an online game-experiment.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Anticipating depression trajectories by measuring plasticity and change through symptom network dynamics.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Revealing unseen dynamical regimes of ecosystems from population time-series data.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Do early warning signals of tipping points lead to better decisions?Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Thomas M BuryDepartment of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-1595-9444
R I SujithDepartment of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.ORCID 0000-0002-0791-7896
Induja PavithranDepartment of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.ORCID 0000-0002-4923-2537
Marten SchefferDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Timothy M LentonGlobal Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-6725-7498
Madhur AnandSchool of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Chris T BauchDepartment of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; cbauch@uwaterloo.ca.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Many natural systems exhibit tipping points where slowly changing environmental conditions spark a sudden shift to a new and sometimes very different state. As the tipping point is approached, the dynamics of complex and varied systems simplify down to a limited number of possible "normal forms" that determine qualitative aspects of the new state that lies beyond the tipping point, such as whether it will oscillate or be stable. In several of those forms, indicators like increasing lag-1 autocorrelation and variance provide generic early warning signals (EWS) of the tipping point by detecting how dynamics slow down near the transition. But they do not predict the nature of the new state. Here we develop a deep learning algorithm that provides EWS in systems it was not explicitly trained on, by exploiting information about normal forms and scaling behavior of dynamics near tipping points that are common to many dynamical systems. The algorithm provides EWS in 268 empirical and model time series from ecology, thermoacoustics, climatology, and epidemiology with much greater sensitivity and specificity than generic EWS. It can also predict the normal form that characterizes the oncoming tipping point, thus providing qualitative information on certain aspects of the new state. Such approaches can help humans better prepare for, or avoid, undesirable state transitions. The algorithm also illustrates how a universe of possible models can be mined to recognize naturally occurring tipping points.

Indexed as

bifurcation theorydynamical systemsearly warning signalsmachine learningtheoretical ecology

Identifiers

PMID34544867
PMCPMC8488604

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.