ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2021
Rapid morphologic changes to microglial cells and upregulation of mixed microglial activation state markers induced by P2X7 receptor stimulation and increased intraocular pressure.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microglia and neuroinflammation: function, heterogeneity, and crosstalk.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Effects of New P2X7R Antagonists on Retinal Inflammatory Degenerative Conditions.Inflammation · 2026Article
- Targeting P2X7R Protects the Retina Against High-Altitude Hypoxia via NLRP3-Mediated Pyroptosis Suppression.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Metabolite-Immune Circuits of Neuroinflammation.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Transcriptomic profile of the hippocampus of rat strains with contrasting nervous system excitability.PloS one · 2026Article
- Dual immune armies in glaucoma: microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- P2X7 receptor-dependent microglia-astrocyte coupling in Alzheimer's disease: from eATP sensing to synaptic and proteostatic failure.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- The P2X7 Receptor Regulates IL-1β Secretion in the Human Retina.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Triamcinolone Acetonide Protects Against Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration by Activating Anti-Inflammatory STAT6/Arg1 Signaling in Microglia.Inflammation · 2025Article
- Therapeutic potential of P2X7 receptor in retinal diseases.Purinergic signalling · 2025Review
- The Multifaceted Role of P2X7R in Microglia and Astrocytes.Neurochemical research · 2025Review
- Priming and release of cytokine IL-1β in microglial cells from the retina.Experimental eye research · 2025Article
- Fluorescent identification of axons, dendrites and soma of neuronal retinal ganglion cells with a genetic marker as a tool for facilitating the study of neurodegeneration.FASEB bioAdvances · 2025Article
- MgSOFrontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- The role of microglia in glaucoma - trigger and potential target.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) inhibition promotes retinal ganglion cell survival and facilitates M1-like microglial transformation via the PI3K/Akt pathway in glaucoma.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- A New Ex Vivo Model Based on Mouse Retinal Explants for the Study of Ocular Toxoplasmosis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Crosstalk Between Microglia and Müller Glia in the Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Role and Therapeutic Value of Neuroinflammation.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Increased Purinergic Signaling in Human Dental Pulps With Inflammatory Pain is Sex-Dependent.The journal of pain · 2024Article
- The Healthy and Diseased Retina Seen through Neuron-Glia Interactions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe identification of endogenous signals that lead to microglial activation is a key step in understanding neuroinflammatory cascades. As ATP release accompanies mechanical strain to neural tissue, and as the P2X7 receptor for ATP is expressed on microglial cells, we examined the morphological and molecular consequences of P2X7 receptor stimulation in vivo and in vitro and investigated the contribution of the P2X7 receptor in a model of increased intraocular pressure (IOP).
methodsIn vivo experiments involved intravitreal injections and both transient and sustained elevation of IOP. In vitro experiments were performed on isolated mouse retinal and brain microglial cells. Morphological changes were quantified in vivo using Sholl analysis. Expression of mRNA for M1- and M2-like genes was determined with qPCR. The luciferin/luciferase assay quantified retinal ATP release while fura-2 indicated cytoplasmic calcium. Microglial migration was monitored with a Boyden chamber.
resultsSholl analysis of Iba1-stained cells showed retraction of microglial ramifications 1 day after injection of P2X7 receptor agonist BzATP into mouse retinae. Mean branch length of ramifications also decreased, while cell body size and expression of Nos2, Tnfa, Arg1, and Chil3 mRNA increased. BzATP induced similar morphological changes in ex vivo tissue isolated from Cx3CR1
conclusionsP2X7 receptor stimulation induced rapid morphological activation of microglial cells, including process retraction and cell body enlargement, and upregulation of markers linked to both M1- and M2-type activation. Parallel responses accompanied IOP elevation, suggesting ATP release and P2X7 receptor stimulation influence the early microglial response to increased pressure.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.