Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34543617›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of pharmaceutics2021

In vitro and in vivo optimization of liposomal nanoparticles based brain targeted vgf gene therapy.

Sanjay Arora, Jagdish Singh

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.

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  4. Nanomedicine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: bypassing the blood-brain barrier with cutting-edge nanotechnology.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
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  17. Recent advances in drug delivery and targeting to the brain.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sanjay AroraDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA.
Jagdish SinghDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA. Electronic address: jagdish.singh@ndsu.edu.
North Dakota State University · US

Funding

Brain Neurotropic Growth Factor Delivery to Prevent and Treat Alzheimer’s DiseaseR01AG051574 · NIA · NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY · PI KANEKIYO, TAKAHISA, SINGH, JAGDISH · 2016 to 2020
$2.0M
Enhanced APOE2 Expression into Brain for Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's DiseaseRF1AG068034 · NIA · NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY · PI KANEKIYO, TAKAHISA, SINGH, JAGDISH · 2021 to 2022
$1.6M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG051574NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG068034
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vgf (non-acronymic), a neurotrophin stimulated protein which plays a crucial role in learning, synaptic activity, and neurogenesis, is markedly downregulated in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, since vgf is a large polar protein, a safe and efficient gene delivery vector is critical for its delivery across the blood brain barrier (BBB). This research work demonstrates brain-targeted liposomal nanoparticles optimized for delivering plasmid encoding vgf across BBB and transfecting brain cells. Brain targeting was achieved by surface functionalization using glucose transporter-1 targeting ligand (mannose) and brain targeted cell-penetrating peptides (chimeric rabies virus glycoprotein fragment, rabies virus derived peptide, penetratin peptide, or CGNHPHLAKYNGT peptide). The ligands were conjugated to lipid via nucleophilic substitution reaction resulting in >75% binding efficiency. The liposomes were formed by film hydration technique demonstrating size <200 nm, positive zeta potential (15-20 mV), and polydispersity index <0.3. The bifunctionalized liposomes demonstrated ∼3 pg/µg protein vgf transfection across in vitro BBB, and ∼80 pg/mg protein in mice brain which was 1.5-2 fold (p < 0.05) higher compared to untreated control. The nanoparticles were also biocompatible in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a safe and efficient gene delivery system to treat AD.

Indexed as

LiposomesNanoparticlesAnimalsBlood-Brain BarrierBrainGenetic TherapyMiceNerve Growth FactorsLiposomesNerve Growth FactorsVGF protein, humanAlzheimer’s diseaseBlood brain barrierBrain-targetingGene therapyVgf

Identifiers

PMID34543617
PMCPMC8574129
OpenAlexW3199675062

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.