ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2022
Nasopharyngeal Codetection of Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae Shapes Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Outcomes in Children.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Conventional Detection to Point-of-care Tests (POCT) Method for Pediatric Respiratory Infections Diagnosis: A Systematic Review.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Nasal microbiome and phageome profiles are associated with prospective respiratory viral infection risk in school-age children.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Associated factors of microorganisms causing lower respiratory tract infections in children hospitalized between 2019 and 2022 in a private hospital in Lima, PerúBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2026Article
- RSV-NTHi Co-Infection Skews Host Immunity by Suppressing Type I IFN Responses and Enhancing Pro-Inflammatory Responses.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Nasopharyngeal Microbiota in South African Infants With Lower Respiratory Tract Infection: A Nested Case-Control Study of the Drakenstein Child Health Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- [Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Clinical Challenges of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Co-infections in Children].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026Review
- RSV-infected children with mixed infections: clinical features and early predictive indicators of codetection withFrontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of seasonal variation on the oral and nasopharyngeal microbiome in school-aged children: the school MicroBE initiative.mSystems · 2025Article
- Risk factors for severe lower respiratory tract infection among children under 5 years of age hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Observational
- Respiratory Viral Detection in Children Hospitalized With Pneumonia During Periods of Major Population Disruptions in Nepal, 2014-2018.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2025Article
- Impact of respiratory syncytial virus on Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance to β-lactam antibiotics: an investigative study in children.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Pneumococcal density and respiratory co-detection in severe pediatric pneumonia in Laos.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- General practice antibiotic prescriptions attributable to respiratory syncytial virus by age and antibiotic class: an ecological analysis of the English population.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics of severe community-acquired pneumonia in children with virus mono-detection versus co-detection with bacteria.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- The respiratory microbiome is linked to the severity of RSV infections and the persistence of symptoms in children.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Effect of respiratory microflorae colonization on short and long-time outcomes of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children: A scoping review.Pediatric discovery · 2024Review
- Severe respiratory syncytial virus disease.Journal of intensive medicine · 2024Review
- Antibacterial potential of Propolis: molecular docking, simulation and toxicity analysis.AMB Express · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe role of nasopharyngeal bacteria in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease has been underestimated. We measured the frequency and burden of respiratory bacteria in the upper respiratory tract of infants with RSV infection over 7 respiratory seasons, and their impact on clinical outcomes.
methodsChildren <2 years old with mild (outpatients, n=115) or severe (inpatients, n=566) RSV infection, and matched healthy controls (n=161) were enrolled. Nasopharyngeal samples were obtained for RSV, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Haemophilus influenzae detection and quantitation by PCR. Multivariable models were constructed to identify variables predictive of severe disease.
resultsS. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis, but not S. aureus, were detected more frequently in RSV-infected children (84%) than healthy controls (46%; P<.001). Detection of S. pneumoniae and/or H. influenzae was associated with fever, more frequent antibiotic treatment, worse radiologic findings, and higher neutrophil counts (P<.01). In adjusted analyses, S. pneumoniae/H. influenzae codetection was independentlyassociated with greater odds of hospitalization, higher disease severity scores, need for supplemental oxygen, and longer hospitalization.
conclusionsNasopharyngeal codetection of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae in infants with RSV infection is associated with increased disease severity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.