ArticlePsychological science2021
A Contextual Approach to the Psychological Study of Identity Concealment: Examining Direct, Interactive, and Indirect Effects of Structural Stigma on Concealment Motivation Across Proximal and Distal Geographic Levels.
Article in Psychological science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Social support and internalizing psychopathology among sexual and gender minority individuals: A meta-analysis.Clinical psychology review · 2026Pooled it
- A research agenda for understanding how social inequality is linked to brain structure and function.Nature human behaviour · 2024Pooled it
- Community-level explicit racial prejudice potentiates whites' neural responses to black faces: A spatial meta-analysis.Social neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Coming out under fire: The role of minority stress and emotion regulation in sexual orientation disclosure.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Structural Cissexism, Mental Health, and Unmet Health Care Needs Among Gender-Diverse Adolescents in the United States.American journal of public health · 2026Article
- LGBTQIA+ People's Perspectives on LGBTQIA+-Targeted State Policies and Mental Health: A Qualitative Study.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- "No Man's Land": A Qualitative Exploration of Perceptions of Structural Stigma Among Bisexual Men Compared with Gay Men.LGBT health · 2025Article
- Associations between structural stigma and earlier pubertal timing persist for 1 year among Black girls and Latinx youth.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Daily minority stressors, threat appraisal, and identity concealment among trauma-exposed sexual minority women and transgender and gender-diverse people.Journal of counseling psychology · 2025Article
- Policy, Relationships, and Well-Being: Associations Between Mental Health and Main Partner Relationships Among Cisgender Sexual Minority Men in the Context of U.S. State-Level Policies.Psychology of sexual orientation and gender diversity · 2025Article
- The socioecology of sexual minority stigma: Advancing theory on stigma-based mechanisms underlying sexual orientation-based disparities in health.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- (Re)conceptualizing structural stigma: Insights from a qualitative study of sexual minority men in a longitudinal, population-based cohort.Stigma and health · 2024Article
- Structural Homophobia and Suicidal Ideation and Behavior Among Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents.Stigma and health · 2024Article
- Systemic White supremacy: U.S. state policy, policing, discrimination, and suicidality across race and sexual identity.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2024Article
- Associations between structural stigma, drinking to cope, and consequences among sexual minority women as a function of racial and ethnic minority status.Psychology of sexual orientation and gender diversity · 2024Article
- Structural transphobia is associated with psychological distress and suicidality in a large national sample of transgender adults.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Article
- The Role of Individual Discrimination and Structural Stigma in the Mental Health of Sexual Minority Youth.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2024Article
- Guided LGBTQ-affirmative internet cognitive-behavioral therapy for sexual minority youth's mental health: A randomized controlled trial of a minority stress treatment approach.Behaviour research and therapy · 2023Article
- Kept in the Closet: Structural Stigma and the Timing of Sexual Minority Developmental Milestones Across 28 European Countries.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2023Article
- Sexual Violence-Related Stigma, Mental Health, and Treatment-Seeking: A Multimodal Assessment in a Population-Based Study of Young Adults.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Psychological theories of identity concealment locate the ultimate source of concealment decisions within the social environment, yet most studies have not explicitly assessed stigmatizing environments beyond the immediate situation. We advanced the identity-concealment literature by objectively measuring structural forms of stigma related to sexual orientation (e.g., social policies) at proximal and distal geographic levels. We linked these measures to a new, population-based data set of 502 gay and bisexual men (residing in 44 states and Washington, DC; 269 counties; and 354 cities) who completed survey items about stigma, including identity-concealment motivation. Among gay men, the association between structural stigma and concealment motivation was (a) observed across three levels (city, county, and state), (b) conditional on one's exposure at another geographic level (participants reported the least motivations to conceal their identity if they resided in both cities and states that were lowest in structural stigma), and (c) mediated by subjective perceptions of greater structural stigma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.