ArticleInfection and immunity2021
Novel Murine Pancreatic Tumor Model Demonstrates Immunotherapeutic Control of Tumor Progression by a Toxoplasma gondii Protein.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Glancing at the role of Toxoplasma gondii in neuro-oncology: from risk factor to therapeutic target.Infectious agents and cancer · 2026Review
- Parasite in cancer therapy: molecular mechanisms and translational potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Parasites' immunomodulators: a breakthrough in immunotherapeutics displaying antineoplastic activity against human colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Infectious agents and cancer · 2025Article
- Bridging the gap for diverse applications of parasites as advanced cancer therapeutics: current progress and future directions.Infectious agents and cancer · 2025Review
- From pathogen to cure: exploring the antitumor potential of Toxoplasma gondii.Infectious agents and cancer · 2025Review
- Molecular mimicry between parasites and cancer: a novel approach for developing cancer vaccines and therapeutic antibodies.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Parasites revive hope for cancer therapy.European journal of medical research · 2024Review
- Parasite-enhanced immunotherapy: transforming the "cold" tumors to "hot" battlefields.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- The Toxoplasma Effector GRA4 Hijacks Host TBK1 to Oppositely Regulate Anti-T. Gondii Immunity and Tumor Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Review
- Anti-Tumor Effect of Protoscolex Hydatid Cyst Somatic Antigen on Inhibition Cell Growth of K562.Acta parasitologica · 2023Article
- A novel enemy of cancer: recent investigations into protozoan anti-tumor properties.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Attenuated Toxoplasma gondii enhances the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD1 antibody by altering the tumor microenvironment in a pancreatic cancer mouse model.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2022Article
- Anti-Tumor Effect of Parasitic Protozoans.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, with few effective treatments available and only 10% of those diagnosed surviving 5 years. Although immunotherapeutics is a growing field of study in cancer biology, there has been little progress in its use for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer is considered a nonimmunogenic tumor because the tumor microenvironment does not easily allow for the immune system, even when stimulated, to attack the cancer. Infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii has been shown to enhance the immune response to clear cancer tumors. A subset of T. gondii proteins called soluble
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.