Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34542912›Full record

SynthesisMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2022

Coding and Noncoding Variation in LRRK2 and Parkinson's Disease Risk.

Julie Lake, Xylena Reed, Rebekah G Langston, Mike A Nalls, Ziv Gan-Or, Mark R Cookson, Andrew B Singleton, Cornelis Blauwendraat, Hampton L Leonard, International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC)

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Chemical Genetic Targeting of the LRRK2 GTPase Domain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. LRRK2 as a Potential Disease-Modifying Target in Sporadic Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Julie LakeLaboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3441-2455
Xylena ReedLaboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Rebekah G LangstonLaboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Mike A NallsLaboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Ziv Gan-OrMontreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-0332-234X
Mark R CooksonLaboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1058-3831
Andrew B SingletonLaboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Cornelis BlauwendraatLaboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Hampton L LeonardLaboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2390-8110
International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC)

Funding

Genetic characterization of atypical parkinsonismZIANS003154 · NINDS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE · PI SCHOLZ, SONJA · 2016 to 2025
$15.4M
PARKINSON DISEASE COLLABORATIVE STUDY OF GENETIC LINKAGER01NS037167 · NINDS · INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS · PI FOROUD, TATIANA M. · 1998 to 2010
$11.7M
Vitamin D Concentration, Genetic Modifiers, and Parkinson DiseaseP50NS071674 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI VANCE, JEFFERY MARVIN · 2010 to 2015
$10.2M
GTPase function of Leucine rich repeat kinase 2ZIAAG000937 · NIA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING · PI COOKSON, MARK · 2010 to 2025
$9.2M
Genome wide SNP analysis in Parkinson's diseaseZ01AG000949 · NIA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING · PI SINGLETON, ANDREW B · 2006 to 2008
$2.6M
MIDCAREER AWARD IN PATIENT ORIENTED RESEARCH ON AGINGK24AG000949 · NIA · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI INOUYE, SHARON K. · 1999 to 2009
$1.4M
Prospective studies on Parkinson's diseaseZ01ES101986 · NIEHS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES · PI CHEN, HONGLEI · 2006 to 2008
$1.2M
PD GWAS ConsortiumR01CA141668 · NCI · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI FOROUD, TATIANA M. · 2009 to 2010
$484k
Department of HealthIntramural NIH HHS Z01 AG000949Intramural NIH HHS Z01 ES101986Intramural NIH HHS ZIA NS003154Medical Research Council G0700943Medical Research Council G1100643NCI NIH HHS R01 CA141668NIA NIH HHS K24 AG000949NINDS NIH HHS P50 NS071674NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS037167Wellcome Trust 076113Wellcome Trust 085475Wellcome Trust 090355Wellcome Trust WT089698Wellcome Trust WT089698/Z/09/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene harbors both rare highly damaging missense variants (eg, p.G2019S) and common noncoding variants (eg, rs76904798) with lower effect sizes that are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) risk.

objectivesThis study aimed to investigate in a large meta-analysis whether the LRRK2 Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) signal represented by rs76904798 is independently associated with PD risk from LRRK2 coding variation and whether complex linkage disequilibrium structures with p.G2019S and the 5' noncoding haplotype account for the association of LRRK2 coding variants.

methodsWe performed a meta-analysis using imputed genotypes from 17,838 patients, 13,404 proxy patients, and 173,639 healthy controls of European ancestry. We excluded carriers of p.G2019S and/or rs76904798 to clarify the role of LRRK2 coding variation in mediating disease risk and excluded carriers of relatively rare LRRK2 coding variants to assess the independence of rs76904798. We also investigated the co-inheritance of LRRK2 coding variants with p.G2019S, rs76904798, and p.N2081D.

resultsLRRK2 rs76904798 remained significantly associated with PD after excluding the carriers of relatively rare LRRK2 coding variants. LRRK2 p.R1514Q and p.N2081D were frequently co-inherited with rs76904798, and the allele distribution of p.S1647T significantly changed among patients after removing rs76904798 carriers.

conclusionsThese data suggest that the LRRK2 coding variants previously related to PD (p.N551K, p.R1398H, p.M1646T, and p.N2081D) do not drive the 5' noncoding GWAS signal. These data, however, do not preclude the independent association of the haplotype p.N551K-p.R1398H and p.M1646T with altered disease risk. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

Indexed as

Parkinson DiseaseGenome-Wide Association StudyGenotypeHaplotypesHumansLeucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2MutationLeucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2LRRK2 protein, humanassociationgeneticsLRRK2Parkinson's disease

Identifiers

PMID34542912
PMCPMC9292230

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.