Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34542517›Full record

ReviewEuropean journal of investigation in health, psychology and education2020

Effectiveness of Cognitive Interventions in Older Adults: A Review.

Miriam Sanjuán, Elena Navarro, M Dolores Calero

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  14. Effects of different training characteristics in combined resistance and cognitive training on motor and cognitive performance in older adults: A systematic review.European review of aging and physical activity : official journal of the European Group for Research into Elderly and Physical Activity · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Miriam SanjuánDepartment of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Elena NavarroDepartment of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1845-8688
M Dolores CaleroResearch Center on Mind, Brain and Behavior (CIMCYC), Campus de Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2854-0055

Funding

Ministry of Education Grant FPU15/03966
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

(1) Introduction: With older adults, cognitive intervention programs are most often used for preventing or reversing a decline in cognitive functions, but it has been recently noted that there are insufficient high-quality research studies that report the effects of cognitive intervention on the cognitive functioning of older adults. (2) Objective: To analyze the available evidence concerning the effect of cognitive interventions for improving or maintaining the general cognitive status of older adults who present different cognitive levels. (3) Method: a review of studies published between 2010 and 2019 using the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Google Scholar, ProQuest and Medline. (4) Results: We selected 13 systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses. The results showed that the cognitive intervention programs improved general cognitive functioning and specific cognitive functions regardless of the initial cognitive level; that cognitive decline was slowed in older persons with dementia; and there was improvement in activities of daily living. Regarding duration of the results, benefits were maintained for periods of 2 months to 5 years. (5) Conclusion: Cognitive interventions have proven effective for maintaining and/or improving cognitive functioning in older adults regardless of their initial cognitive status. Even so, there are few studies that follow up these results to see whether they are maintained in the long term and whether there is transfer to other skills of daily life. However, we were able to observe in the present review how the participants' cognitive level varied according to sociodemographic differences, and to identify which components of cognitive programs make them more effective. Based on the results found, we highlight the importance of designing cognitive intervention programs that meet these effectiveness criteria, in order to maximize the positive effects of such programs when working with a population of older adults.

Indexed as

agingcognitive interventiondementiameta-analysesolder adultssystematic reviews

Identifiers

PMID34542517
PMCPMC8314287

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.