ArticleiScience2021
A mechanism of cooling hot tumors: Lactate attenuates inflammation in dendritic cells.
Article in iScience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolic immune checkpoints (MICs) in cancer: from molecular mechanisms to challenges and opportunities in clinical translation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Lactate Signal: Modulator of Cellular Energy Production and Anabolism.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Lactate as a Signaling Molecule in the Tumor Microenvironment: Implications for Cancer Progression.Biochemical genetics · 2026Review
- Lactate as a Signaling Molecule in the Tumor Microenvironment: Implications for Cancer Progression.Biochemical genetics · 2026Review
- Metabolic reprogramming of myeloid cells in cancer: from lactate-NAMPT axis to AI-guided therapeutics.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- From Cold to Hot: Nanozyme-Based Strategies for Reprogramming the Tumour Immunoenvironment.Cell proliferation · 2026Review
- Beyond a waste product: lactate as a master metabolite dictating anti-tumor T-cell fate.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- The interplay between p21-activated kinases and tumour-infiltrating dendritic cells and T cells and its implication in pancreatic cancer immunotherapy.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Glucose metabolic reprogramming as a driver of immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Roles of lactate and lactylation in tumor immune suppression and drug resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Lactate-Mediated Epigenetic and Immunometabolic Reprogramming in Glioma: An Emerging Axis Linking Metabolism to Tumor Progression.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Lactate at the crossroads of tumor metabolism and immune escape: a new frontier in cancer therapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Article
- The Application of Dendritic Cells Vaccines in Tumor Therapy and Their Combination with Biomimetic Nanoparticles.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Metformin induces tolerogenicity of dendritic cells by promoting metabolic reprogramming.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2023Article
- UVA-induced metabolic changes in non-malignant skin cells and the potential role of pyruvate as antioxidant.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2023Article
- Regulating lactate-related immunometabolism and EMT reversal for colorectal cancer liver metastases using shikonin targeted delivery.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2023Article
- Experimental evidence and clinical implications of Warburg effect in the skeletal muscle of Fabry disease.iScience · 2023Article
- Potential of Z-100, extracted from Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain Aoyama B, as a hot tumor inducer.Cancer cell international · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Turning non-inflamed (cold) tumors into inflamed (hot) tumors is important for maximizing the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) against malignancies. We showed that lactate, a product of the Warburg effect, inhibited the efficacy of ICIs and suppressed IL-12 p40 expression in dendritic cells (DCs) through reducing NF-κB p65, p50, and c-Rel DNA-binding activity to the IL-12 p40 promoter. Additionally, lactate promoted the expression of early growth response protein 1 (EGR1), whose expression was increased in human invasive melanoma compared with non-invasive melanoma. We also found that EGR1 interacts with serum response factor (SRF) and represses the expression of CD80 in DCs. These findings suggest that lactate and its induced EGR1 are key factors that turn hot tumors into cold tumors and may represent targets in cancer treatment with ICIs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.