ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2021
The Cognitive Online Self-Test Amsterdam (COST-A): Establishing norm scores in a community-dwelling population.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development and Piloting of Co.Ge.: A Web-Based Digital Platform for Generative and Clinical Cognitive Assessment.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Mayo Normative Studies: Regression-based normative data for remote self-administration of the Stricker Learning Span, Symbols Test, and Mayo Test Drive Screening Battery Composite and validation in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and dementia.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2025Article
- Cohort Profile: The Nijmegen Exercise Study (NES).International journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Mayo Normative Studies: regression-based normative data for remote self-administration of the Stricker Learning Span, Symbols Test and Mayo Test Drive Screening Battery Composite and validation in individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment and dementia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Self-Testing for Dementia: A Phenomenological Analysis of Fear.The Journal of medical humanities · 2024Article
- Evaluating the feasibility of cognitive impairment detection in Alzheimer's disease screening using a computerized visual dynamic test.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Article
- The Cognitive Online Self-Test Amsterdam (COST-A): Establishing norm scores in a community-dwelling population.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2021Article
- Everyday Functioning in a Community-Based Volunteer Population: Differences Between Participant- and Study Partner-Report.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundHeightened public awareness about Alzheimer's disease and dementia increases the need for at-home cognitive self-testing. We offered Cognitive Online Self-Test Amsterdam (COST-A) to independent groups of cognitively normal adults and investigated the robustness of a norm-score formula and cutoff.
methodsThree thousand eighty-eight participants (mean age ± standard deviation = 61 ± 12 years, 70% female) completed COST-A and evaluated it. Demographically adjusted norm scores were the difference between expected COST-A scores, based on age, gender, and education, and actual scores. We applied the resulting norm-score formula to two independent cohorts.
resultsParticipants evaluated COST-A to be of adequate difficulty and duration. Our norm-score formula was shown to be robust: ≈8% of participants in two cognitively normal cohorts had abnormal scores. A cutoff of -1.5 standard deviations proved optimal for distinguishing normal from impaired cognition.
conclusionWith robust norm scores, COST-A is a promising new tool for research and clinical practice, providing low cost and minimally invasive remote assessment of cognitive functioning.
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