Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34540369›Full record

ArticlePeerJ2021

Dongsha Atoll is an important stepping-stone that promotes regional genetic connectivity in the South China Sea.

Shang Yin Vanson Liu, Jacob Green, Dana Briggs, Ruth Hastings, Ylva Jondelius, Skylar Kensinger, Hannah Leever, Sophia Santos, Trevor Throne, Chi Cheng and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PeerJ, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  3. A newZooKeys · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Shang Yin Vanson LiuDongsha Atoll Research Station, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
Jacob GreenSchool of Natural Sciences, California State University, Monterey Bay, California, United States.
Dana BriggsSchool of Natural Sciences, California State University, Monterey Bay, California, United States.
Ruth HastingsSchool of Natural Sciences, California State University, Monterey Bay, California, United States.
Ylva JondeliusSchool of Natural Sciences, California State University, Monterey Bay, California, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4699-6056
Skylar KensingerSchool of Natural Sciences, California State University, Monterey Bay, California, United States.
Hannah LeeverSchool of Natural Sciences, California State University, Monterey Bay, California, United States.
Sophia SantosSchool of Natural Sciences, California State University, Monterey Bay, California, United States.
Trevor ThroneSchool of Natural Sciences, California State University, Monterey Bay, California, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-2370-9122
Chi ChengDepartment of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
Hawis MadduppaDepartment of Marine Science and Technology, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0003-4260-5625
Robert J ToonenHawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kane'ohe, Hawai'i, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-6339-4340
Michelle R GaitherDepartment of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-0371-5621
Eric D CrandallSchool of Natural Sciences, California State University, Monterey Bay, California, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-8580-3651

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUnderstanding region-wide patterns of larval connectivity and gene flow is crucial for managing and conserving marine biodiversity. Dongsha Atoll National Park (DANP), located in the northern South China Sea (SCS), was established in 2007 to study and conserve this diverse and remote coral atoll. However, the role of Dongsha Atoll in connectivity throughout the SCS is seldom studied. In this study, we aim to evaluate the role of DANP in conserving regional marine biodiversity.

methodsIn total, 206 samples across nine marine species were collected and sequenced from Dongsha Atoll, and these data were combined with available sequence data from each of these nine species archived in the Genomic Observatories Metadatabase (GEOME). Together, these data provide the most extensive population genetic analysis of a single marine protected area. We evaluate metapopulation structure for each species by using a coalescent sampler, selecting among panmixia, stepping-stone, and island models of connectivity in a likelihood-based framework. We then completed a heuristic graph theoretical analysis based on maximum dispersal distance to get a sense of Dongsha's centrality within the SCS.

resultsOur dataset yielded 111 unique haplotypes across all taxa at DANP, 58% of which were not sampled elsewhere. Analysis of metapopulation structure showed that five out of nine species have strong regional connectivity across the SCS such that their gene pools are effectively panmictic (mean pelagic larval duration (PLD) = 78 days, sd = 60 days); while four species have stepping-stone metapopulation structure, indicating that larvae are exchanged primarily between nearby populations (mean PLD = 37 days, sd = 15 days). For all but one species, Dongsha was ranked within the top 15 out of 115 large reefs in the South China Sea for betweenness centrality. Thus, for most species, Dongsha Atoll provides an essential link for maintaining stepping-stone gene flow across the SCS.

conclusionsThis multispecies study provides the most comprehensive examination of the role of Dongsha Atoll in marine connectivity in the South China Sea to date. Combining new and existing population genetic data for nine coral reef species in the region with a graph theoretical analysis, this study provides evidence that Dongsha Atoll is an important hub for sustaining connectivity for the majority of coral-reef species in the region.

Indexed as

Indo-PacificLarval dispersalMarine connectivityMarine metapopulationsMigration modelsPhylogeographyStepping-stones

Identifiers

PMID34540369
PMCPMC8415289

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.