ArticleRoyal Society open science2021
Rate of infant carrying impacts infant spontaneous motor tempo.
Article in Royal Society open science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and benefits of adult-worn slings and baby carriers: a narrative systematic review to inform guidance for parents.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Pooled it
- Maternal Gait as a Potential Scaffold for Rhythm Processing: A Predictive Processing Network Model.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Article
- A developmental framework of interpersonal neural synchrony.Developmental review : DR · 2025Article
- Spontaneous rates exhibit high intra-individual stability across movements involving different biomechanical systems and cognitive demands.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Head movements induced by voluntary neck flexion stabilize sensorimotor synchronization of the finger to syncopated auditory rhythms.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Early social communication through music: State of the art and future perspectives.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2023Review
- Which factors modulate spontaneous motor tempo? A systematic review of the literature.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Review
- Rate of infant carrying impacts infant spontaneous motor tempo.Royal Society open science · 2021Article
- Infant Rhythmic Movement Across Postural Conditions.Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant StudiesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rhythm production is a critical component of human interaction, not least forming the basis of our musicality. Infants demonstrate a spontaneous motor tempo (SMT), or natural rate of rhythmic movement. Here, we ask whether infant SMT is influenced by the rate of locomotion infants experience when being carried. Ten-month-old, non-walking infants were tested using a free drumming procedure before and after 10 min of being carried by an experimenter walking at a slower (98 BPM) or faster (138 BPM) than average tempo. We find that infant SMT is differentially impacted by carrying experience dependent on the tempo at which they were carried: infants in the slow-walked group exhibited a slower SMT from pre-test to post-test, while infants in the fast-walked group showed a faster SMT from pre-test to post-test. Heart rate data suggest that this effect is not due to a general change in the state of arousal. We argue that being carried during caregiver locomotion is a predominant experience for infants throughout the first years of life, and as a source of regular, vestibular, information, may at least partially form the basis of their sense of rhythm.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.