Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34540227›Full record

ArticleSAGE open medicine2021

Prevalence of programmed death ligand-1 in patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer in Lebanon.

Ghina Fakhri, Reem Akel, Ibrahim Khalifeh, Hassan Chami, Adel Hajj Ali, Majd Al Assaad, Haneen Atwi, Humam Kadara, Arafat Tfayli

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In one paragraph

Article in SAGE open medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Observational
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ghina FakhriDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Reem AkelDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Ibrahim KhalifehDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Hassan ChamiDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Adel Hajj AliFaculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Majd Al AssaadDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Haneen AtwiDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Humam KadaraDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Arafat TfayliDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0633-2538

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionProgrammed death ligand-1 expression has been shown to be a good predictor of response to cancer therapy with checkpoint inhibitors. Its expression varies among different tumor types and among non-small cell lung cancer patients with different clinical and demographic characteristics. The prevalence and determinants of programmed death ligand-1 expression have been previously reported from various regions of the world, but data from Lebanon are lacking. This study examines the prevalence and the clinical, demographic and pathological predictors of programmed death ligand-1 expression in patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer in Lebanon.

methodsMedical records of 180 patients diagnosed with primary non-small cell lung cancer at our institution and tested for programmed death ligand-1 expression were reviewed. Clinical, demographic and pathological information were collected and correlated with programmed death ligand-1 expression using the chi-square test and logistic regression.

resultsOne hundred eleven of the 180 non-small cell lung cancer tumor samples tested positive for programmed death ligand-1 expression (61.7%). 27.2% of those tumor samples expressed programmed death ligand-1 in 1%-49% of tumor cells, while 34.4% of tumor samples expressed programmed death ligand-1 in 50% or more of their cells. Squamous histology and advanced stage were significant predictors of programmed death ligand-1 expression (odds ratio = 2.79, 95% confidence interval [1.13-6.90],

conclusionSimilar to reports from other populations, our results suggest that programmed death ligand-1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer is highly prevalent in the Lebanese population, especially in patients with advanced stage at diagnosis or squamous cell carcinoma histology. Because of the small sample size, while more that 60% of the patients are Lebanese, the results of this article cannot be extrapolated to the Middle Eastern and the Levantine population.

Indexed as

histologyimmune markersimmunotherapynon-small cell lung cancerProgrammed death ligand-1

Identifiers

PMID34540227
PMCPMC8442479

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.