ArticleCriminology & public policy2021
COVID-19 frauds: An exploratory study of victimization during a global crisis.
Article in Criminology & public policy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Mental health and psychosocial sequelae of fraud victimization: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Constructing Offender Typologies From Judicial Data: A Clustering Analysis of Sextortion Cases.Sexual abuse : a journal of research and treatment · 2026Article
- The development of phishing during the COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis of over 1100 targeted domains.Computers & security · 2023Article
- What is a capable guardian to older fraud victims? Comparison of younger and older victims' characteristics of online fraud utilizing routine activity theory.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Pseudoscience and fraudulent products for COVID-19 management.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Review
- Faith in Trump and the willingness to punish white-collar crime: Chinese Americans as an out-group.Journal of experimental criminology · 2022Article
- COVID, Crime & Criminal Justice: Affirming the Call for System Reform Research.American journal of criminal justice : AJCJ · 2022Article
- COVID-19 frauds: An exploratory study of victimization during a global crisis.Criminology & public policy · 2021Article
- The policy lessons learned from the criminal justice system response to COVID-19.Criminology & public policy · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Research Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic threated public health and safety and led to a number of virus-related fraud schemes. We surveyed over 2,200 American adults to investigate their experiences with COVID-19-related frauds. Our goals were to better understand fraud targeting and victimization, as well as the impacts of fraud on victims. Over a quarter of our sample reported purchasing either a COVID-19-related product or a service, yet 42.5% reported feeling targeted for fraud. Being a target of COVID-19 frauds is significantly linked to one's routine activities, however it is one's level of self-control that more strongly predicts victimization. COVID-19 anxieties mediate the impact of self-control on purchasing. Policy Implications: Legal interventions and increased regulations surrounding advertising are a potential mechanism for protecting consumers, yet "soft" interventions that interrupt routine activities might be more useful and applicable. The use of white-lists and publicly available websites that allow e-commerce sites and sellers to be verified would help enable higher levels of self-guardianship. It is also important to provide continuous and clear messaging about what is being done to protect consumers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.