ReviewWorld journal of gastroenterology2021
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related hepatotoxicity: A review.
Review in World journal of gastroenterology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- First-line immune checkpoint inhibitor plus anti-angiogenic therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Epidemiology of drug-related liver injury among the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence, and risk factors.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Pooled it
- Analysis of risk factors for immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated liver injury: a retrospective analysis based on clinical study and real-world data.Hepatology international · 2025Pooled it
- Steroid-refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) hepatitis and ICI rechallenge: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Hepatology communications · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of immunosuppressant use for the treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced liver injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Immune-mediated liver injury caused by checkpoint inhibitors: A case series and review of the literature.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Prediction of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Liver Injury in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer: Machine Learning Modeling for Time-Stratified Risk Assessment.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Article
- Hepatic and Pancreatobiliary Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Multidisciplinary Approach.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Characteristics of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Hepatotoxicity Based on the Baseline Liver Function.Cancer research and treatment · 2026Article
- Immune-Related Hepatotoxicity After Atezolizumab and Isoniazid.Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- B cell-driven refractory hemocytopenia in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a report of two cases.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Bone Health: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Emerging Perspectives on Bone Fragility.Current osteoporosis reports · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-induced Hepatitis, an Emerging Issue in Precision Cancer Therapy Era: A Narrative Literature Review.Rambam Maimonides medical journal · 2026Review
- RUCAM-ascertained immunology and autoimmunity specifics of six idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury types with refined classification: their individual complex molecular interplay.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Subacute liver failure caused by immunotherapy in a patient with gastric cancer was improved after multimodal treatment with artificial liver combined with liver-protective drugs: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Purification and antibody-free ex-vivo expansion of peripheral blood-derived autologous natural killer cells: A Malaysian case series on patient safety and tolerability.SAGE open medical case reports · 2026Article
- From mechanisms to practice: risk management and multidisciplinary decision-making for systemic treatment-related liver injury in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Sintilimab-Induced Sequential Multi-System Severe Immune-Related Adverse Events in an Elderly Patient with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.OncoTargets and therapy · 2026Article
- Balancing act: Tapering mycophenolate mofetil in immune checkpoint inhibitor hepatitis-strategies, outcomes, and risks.World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Uncovering prognostic biomarkers through a pharmacovigilance study: the case of RDW.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in advanced cancer has been a major development in the last decade. The indications for ICIs are constantly expanding into new territory across different cancers, disease stages and lines of therapy. With this increased use, adverse events including immune checkpoint inhibitor-related hepatotoxicity (ICH) have emerged as an important clinical problem. This along with the introduction of ICI as first- and second-line treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma makes ICH very relevant to gastroenterologists and hepatologists. The incidence of ICH varies between 1%-20% depending on the number, type and dose of ICI received. Investigation and management generally involve excluding differential diagnoses and following a stepwise escalation of withholding or ceasing ICI, corticosteroid treatment and adding other immunosuppressive agents depending on the severity of toxicity. The majority of patients with ICH recover and some may even safely recommence ICI therapy. Guideline recommendations are largely based on evidence derived from retrospective case series which highlights a priority for future research.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.