Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34538222›Full record

ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2021

Preclinical evaluation of a synthetic peptide vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 inducing multiepitopic and cross-reactive humoral neutralizing and cellular CD4 and CD8 responses.

Belén Aparicio, Noelia Casares, Josune Egea, Marta Ruiz, Diana Llopiz, Sheila Maestro, Cristina Olagüe, Gloria González-Aseguinolaza, Cristian Smerdou, Ascensión López-Díaz de Cerio and 7 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 22% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Pan-Variant SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Induce Protective Immunity by Targeting Conserved Epitopes.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. T cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2022
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Belén AparicioCentro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Noelia CasaresCentro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3817-6434
Josune EgeaCentro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Marta RuizCentro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8757-0932
Diana LlopizCentro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Sheila MaestroCentro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Cristina OlagüeCentro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Gloria González-AseguinolazaCentro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-1600-4562
Cristian SmerdouCentro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-6861-6579
Ascensión López-Díaz de CerioClínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7837-135X
Susana InogésClínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Felipe PrósperClínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-6115-8790
José R YusteClínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8502-9539
Francisco Carmona-TorreClínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8281-9583
Gabriel ReinaClínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-4079-9753
Juan J LasarteCentro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1641-3881
Pablo SarobeCentro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-0503-7905
Navarre Institute of Health Research · ESClinica Universidad de Navarra · ES

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Identification of relevant epitopes is crucial for the development of subunit peptide vaccines inducing neutralizing and cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Our aim was the characterization of epitopes in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein to generate a peptide vaccine. Epitope mapping using a panel of 10 amino acid overlapped 15-mer peptides covering region 401-515 from RBD did not identify linear epitopes when tested with sera from infected individuals or from RBD-immunized mice. However, immunization of mice with these 15-mer peptides identified four peptides located at region 446-480 that induced antibodies recognizing the peptides and RBD/S1 proteins. Immunization with peptide 446-480 from S protein formulated with Freund's adjuvant or with CpG oligodeoxinucleotide/Alum induced polyepitopic antibody responses in BALB/c and C56BL/6J mice, recognizing RBD (titres of 3 × 10

Indexed as

Immunity, CellularImmunity, HumoralAdjuvants, ImmunologicAnimalsAntibodies, NeutralizingCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesCross ReactionsEpitope MappingEpitopes, B-LymphocyteEpitopes, T-LymphocyteHumansImmunizationMiceAdjuvants, ImmunologicAntibodies, NeutralizingCOVID-19 VaccinesEpitopes, B-LymphocyteEpitopes, T-LymphocyteSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusVaccines, SubunitVaccines, SyntheticB-cell epitopesneutralizing antibodiespeptide vaccineSARS-CoV-2T-cell epitopes

Identifiers

PMID34538222
PMCPMC8480813
OpenAlexW3201328010

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.