ArticleJournal of hazardous materials2022
Residual chlorine disrupts the microbial communities and spreads antibiotic resistance in freshwater.
Article in Journal of hazardous materials, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Residual Chlorine Interaction with Microelements in Plants Applied for Phytoremediation in Rain Gardens.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Degradation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics employing the actinobacterial strain Streptomyces gobitricini.Biodegradation · 2025Article
- Microbiome dynamics in tank- and pond-reared Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT).Frontiers in microbiomes · 2025Article
- Potential spillover effect of eco-directed pharmaceutical disposal on pro-environmental disinfectant use among Chinese residents.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Research on the Reusability of Bentonite Waste Materials for Residual Chlorine Removal.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A Broad-Spectrum Horizontal Transfer Inhibitor Prevents Transmission of Plasmids Carrying Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Genes.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of emerging resistance associated with non-antibiotic antimicrobial agents: a state-of-the-art review.The Journal of antibiotics · 2023Review
- Revisiting the Intestinal Microbiome and Its Role in Diarrhea and Constipation.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Excessive disinfection aggravated the environmental prevalence of antimicrobial resistance during COVID-19 pandemic.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Assessment of Residual Chlorine Interaction with Different Microelements in Stormwater Sediments.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Personal Care Products as a Contributing Factor to Antimicrobial Resistance: Current State and Novel Approach to Investigation.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Gut Microbiota of Freshwater Gastropod (Toxins · 2023Article
- Effects of Disinfectants on Larval Growth and Gut Microbial Communities of Black Soldier Fly Larvae.Insects · 2023Article
- Assessment of residual chlorine in soil microbial community using metagenomics.Soil ecology letters · 2023Article
- Responses of soil bacterial community structure to different artificially restored forests in open-pit coal mine dumps on the loess plateau, China.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Negative effects of abamectin on soil microbial communities in the short term.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- The microbial community and functional indicators response to flow restoration in gradient in a simulated water flume.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chlorine disinfection is a key global public health strategy for the prevention and control of diseases, such as COVID-19. However, little is known about effects of low levels of residual chlorine on freshwater microbial communities and antibiotic resistomes. Here, we treated freshwater microcosms with continuous low concentrations of chlorine and quantified the effects on aquatic and zebrafish intestinal microbial communities and antibiotic resistomes, using shotgun metagenome and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Although chlorine rapidly degraded, it altered the aquatic microbial community composition over time and disrupted interactions among microbes, leading to decreases in community complexity and stability. However, community diversity was unaffected. The majority of ecological functions, particularly metabolic capacities, recovered after treatment with chlorine for 14 d, due to microbial community redundancy. There were also increased levels of antibiotic-resistance gene dissemination by horizontal and vertical gene transfer under chlorine treatment. Although the zebrafish intestinal microbial community recovered from temporary dysbiosis, growth and behavior of zebrafish adults were negatively affected by chlorine. Overall, our findings demonstrate the negative effects of residual chlorine on freshwater ecosystems and highlight a possible long-term risk to public health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.