ArticleEnvironment international2021
Direct LC-MS/MS and indirect GC-MS/MS methods for measuring urinary bisphenol A concentrations are comparable.
Article in Environment international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Determination of metabolites of the epoxy resin component bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) in human urine using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Bisphenol B Exposure Induces Miscarriage by Suppressing Migration/Invasion and Migrasome Formation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Trio-colored appraisal of an eco-conscious method for the determination of bisphenol A in drinking water bottles and pharmaceutical eye-drop solutions.BMC chemistry · 2026Article
- Mitigating Matrix Effects in LC-ESI-MS-MS Analysis of a Urinary Biomarker of Xylenes Exposure.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2023Article
- Improved method for the determination of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in urine of school-age children using microliquid-liquid extraction and UHPLC-MS/MS.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2022Article
- A Rapid Detection Method for Tomato Gray Mold Spores in Greenhouse Based on Microfluidic Chip Enrichment and Lens-Less Diffraction Image Processing.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBisphenol A (BPA) is typically measured in urine using an indirect method that involves enzymatic deconjugation and extraction. In contrast, the direct method measures free and conjugated BPA concurrently and sums them to estimate urinary BPA concentrations. Statistical comparison of total BPA results using the direct and indirect methods is necessary to accurately interpret biomonitoring data for risk assessments.
objectivesTo compare urinary BPA concentrations estimated from the indirect and direct methods in duplicate first trimester urine samples collected from 1879 pregnant women from the MIREC Study.
methodsFor the indirect method, we measured urinary BPA concentrations using GC-MS/MS. For the direct method, we summed free and conjugated BPA concentrations measured using LC-MS/MS. We evaluated deviation between the two methods using the Bland-Altman analysis in the total sample and stratified (1) by specific gravity and (2) at the limit of quantification (LOQ).
resultsMedian urinary BPA concentrations for the direct and indirect methods were 0.89 µg BPA equivalents/L and 0.81 µg/L respectively. Concentrations from the direct method were, on average, 8.6% (95% CI: 6.7%, 10.5%) higher than the indirect method in a Bland-Altman analysis. The percent differences between the two methods was 4.0% in urines with specific gravities < 1.02 (n = 1348, 72%) and 20.3% in urine with specific gravity ≥ 1.02. In values below the LOQ (n = 663, 35%), we observed smaller average percent deviation (4.8%) between the two methods but wider limits of agreement. DISCUSSION: Results from this study, based on the largest statistically rigorous comparison of the direct and indirect methods of BPA measurement, contrast previous findings reporting that the indirect method underestimates total BPA exposure. The difference in urinary BPA concentrations we observed with the indirect and direct methods is unlikely to alter the interpretation of health outcome data.
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