Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34537028›Full record

ArticleBMC biotechnology2021

Creaming behavior prediction of argan oil in water emulsion stabilized by lacto-fermentation: creaming index.

Soumaya El Bouchikhi, Philippe Pagès, Azeddine Ibrahimi, Yahya Bensouda

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC biotechnology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Optimization ofACS omega · 2025
    Article
  3. Terpene-Based Eutectic Solvent Microdroplets: A Strategy to Combat Antibiotic-ResistantLangmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Soumaya El BouchikhiLaboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat Instituts, BP 6203, Rabat, Morocco.
Philippe PagèsPhP Stats, Création et analyse d'information, Conseil, études et formations en statistique, 19, rue Pasteur, 94170, Le Perreux, France.
Azeddine IbrahimiLaboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
Yahya BensoudaLaboratory of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat Instituts, BP 6203, Rabat, Morocco. yahya.bensouda@um5.ac.ma.ORCID 0000-0001-5696-1458

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn order to improve the taste acceptability of certain nutritional oils, it has been decided in this study to introduce them in an emulsion whose surfactant is casein, then to carry out a lacto-fermentation, leading to a dairy-like product with added nutritional value and health benefit. In this context, a plan of mixtures has been proposed for the preparation of emulsions based on argan oil, sodium caseinate and starch, with concentrations ranged between (10-20%) and (0-2%) and (0-1.5%) respectively. All emulsions were homogenized at two high stirring velocities (10,000-20,000 rpm) and two stirring times (5-20 min). The physical stability was assessed by visual analysis and microstructural measurements. The Creaming index was calculated for selected emulsions to predict their creaming behavior.

resultsAll emulsions showed a creaming behavior except one emulsion that required the highest values of all factors, which showed the highest creaming index with an average particle size of 11.27 μm. The absence or the variation of one or all factors led to various degrees of instabilities verified in all other emulsions. Due to the synergistic action of all parameters, the emulsion stability was attributed to the reduction of droplets size, the increase of continuous phase viscosity and the decrease of coalescence.

conclusionThe parameters that played a major role in the stability of the emulsion consists of: stirring velocity and time, sodium caseinate/oil ratio and starch/sodium caseinate ratio. The underlying structure and the interaction of the fluid droplets within the solid like product is what holds the stability of the product against settling or separation during fermentation.

Indexed as

Plant OilsWaterEmulsionsFermentationParticle Sizeargan oilEmulsionsPlant OilsWaterArgan oilCreaming indexDairy-like productsEmulsion O/WLacto-fermentationSodium caseinateStarch

Identifiers

PMID34537028
PMCPMC8449871

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.