Observational studyBMC pregnancy and childbirth2021
Incidence, risk factors and management of post cesarean section surgical site infection (SSI) in a tertiary hospital in Egypt: a five year retrospective study.
Observational study in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07517718 (Subcutaneous Drain Versus Wound Irrigation by Normal Saline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection Following Caesarean Section in Obese Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 37 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Subcutaneous Drain Versus Wound Irrigation by Normal Saline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection Following Caesarean Section in Obese Patients: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for surgical site infections following cesarean section in Ethiopia: umbrella review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of an evidence-based intervention bundle in reducing post-caesarean delivery surgical site infections: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Pooled it
- Investigating the clinical manifestations associated with isthmocele: a meta-analysis study.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Pooled it
- Epidemiology of surgical site infections post-cesarean section in Africa: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of post-caesarean section surgical site infections in Rwanda: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International wound journal · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence, risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance of endemic healthcare-associated infections in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Surgical site infection following cesarean section and its predictors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- The value of subcutaneous tissue closure and drain in obese women undergo elective caesarean section: a randomized controlled trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Trial
- The role of TENS therapy in reducing the incidence of post-Caesarean section wound infection.International wound journal · 2024Trial
- Onset of first symptoms and timing of clinician notification of surgical site infections following cesarean section: evidence from six tertiary hospitals in Nigeria.Infection prevention in practice · 2026Article
- Compliance with preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in cesarean delivery and its impact on surgical site infections: A national retrospective study of Jordan.Global health research and policy · 2026Article
- Comparison of Metronidazole Gel and Povidone‑Iodine for Vaginal Preparation in Preventing Post‑Cesarean Infection‑Related Morbidity: A Three‑Group Randomized Controlled Trial.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Investigating factors affecting the increase in cesarean section rates in primiparity women.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Article
- Barriers to Effective Wound Healing in Surgical Site Infection Following Cesarean Section.Annals of African medicine · 2025Observational
- Risk Assessment of Surgical Site Infections After Cesarean Delivery in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Cases.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Article
- A Comparative Study Between Continuous and Interrupted Suturing of Rectus Sheath Closure in Caesarean Section Patients at a Tertiary care Teaching Hospital.Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India · 2025Article
- Nutritional risk index in hepatitis B virus-related liver cancer: Infection prediction and prognosis.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Non-adherence to surgical antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines: findings from a mixed-methods study in a developing country.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Article
- Incidence and risk factors of surgical site infection following cesarean section: a prospective cohort study at Jimma university medical center.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- THE BURDEN OF POST-CAESAREAN SECTION WOUND COMPLICATIONS IN A TEACHING HOSPITAL IN SOUTHEAST NIGERIA.Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSurgical site infection (SSI) is one of the commonest complications following cesarean section (CS) with a reported incidence of 3-20%. SSI causes massive burdens on both the mother and the health care system. Moreover, it is associated with high maternal morbidity and mortality rate of up to 3%. This study aims to determine the incidence, risk factors and management of SSI following CS in a tertiary hospital.
methodsThis was an observational case control retrospective study which was conducted at Minia maternity university hospital, Egypt during the period from January 2013 to December 2017 (Five years). A total of 15,502 CSs were performed during the studied period, of these, 828 cases developed SSI following CS (SSI group). The control group included 1500 women underwent cesarean section without developing SSI. The medical records of both groups were reviewed regarding the sociodemographic and the clinical characteristics.
resultsThe incidence of SSI post-cesarean section was 5.34%. Significant risk factors for SSI were; chorioamnionitis (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.51; 95% CI =3.12-6.18), premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (AOR 3.99; 95% CI =3.11-4.74), blood loss of > 1000 ml (AOR 2.21; 95% CI =1.62-3.09), emergency CS (AOR 2.16; 95% CI =1.61-2.51), duration of CS of > 1 h (AOR 2.12; 95% CI =1.67-2.79), no antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR 2.05; 95% CI =1.66-2.37), duration of labor of ≥24 h (AOR 1.45; 95% CI =1.06-2.01), diabetes mellitus (DM) (AOR 1.37; 95% CI =1.02-2.1 3), obesity (AOR 1.34; 95% CI =0.95-1.84), high parity (AOR 1.27; 95% CI = 1.03-1.88), hypertension (AOR 1.19; 95% CI = 0.92-2.11) and gestational age of < 37 wks (AOR 1.12; 95% CI = 0.94-1.66). The mortality rate due to SSI was 1.33%.
conclusionsThe obtained incidence of SSI post CS in our study is relatively lower than other previous studies from developing countries. The development of SSI is associated with many factors rather than one factor. Management of SSI is maninly medical but surgical approach may be needed in some cases. REGISTRATION: Local ethical committee (Registration number: MOBGYN0040).
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